(char)Serial.read()

What is the different between Serial.read() and (char)Serial.read() and what else could be place of char?

Thank you!

What is the different between Serial.read() and (char)Serial.read()

Without the case, Serial.read() returns an int. With the cast, the high-order byte is discarded. Since the high-order byte is only used to indicate an error, if read() is only called after available() is used to determine that there is something to read, discarding the high order byte is OK.

what else could be place of char?

Almost anything. But, the cast has to make sense. Casting the value returned by Serial.read() to a pointer to a Servo object is possible, but not reasonable.