Your motor draws about 2.8v * 1.5A = 4.2 watts so you need a power supply that can comfortably supply that. A 12v 30A power supply is overkill (at 360 watts) but it won't do any harm. 12v at 1 amp would be plenty and 2 amps would be generous. And 24v at 1 amp would be better as stepper motors work better with higher voltages.
You will probably need a heat sink (and maybe a cooling fan) with your A4988 for a 1.5 amp motor. A Pololu DRV8825 would give you a bit more headroom.
The Arduino 5v pin can be used to power the A4988 .