Your question really has nothing to do with CNC file formats. It has to do with CAD formats. You should revise your post topic to reflect that.
There are two major categories of CAD software - vector based and point based. In a point based system, the linear approximation of curves is done as the curve is defined or exported, so the resulting file contains points. This sounds like what you want, although you may not have much control over the linear approximation values used (chord height tolerance and step size).
Vector formats tend to be proprietary.
If you mentioned which "great drawing software" you are considering, the output formats could be investigated.