Coding a Password loop

Hey guys,
I'm working on a voice-controlled robot with the MOVI shield and an Arduino mega, and I need some help with coding a password in the void setup that will allow the program to progress to the void loop. This is more of a theoretical problem than a syntax one, so someone might have an idea how to put this together. The general idea is this:

if ()
{

}
else
{

}

I know this sounds a heck of a lot like a for loop, but as far as I know for loops use only variables local to that loop, not the variables in the main sketch. Does anyone have any ideas how this general concept would be worded?
Thanks a lot,
Clark

Thank you so much! This is exactly the answer I was looking for. I had previously considered while loops, but I was only thinking in terms of "is" and not "is not." Thanks again!
Clark