What is it you're trying to do?
You could put a smaller Arduino with wireless capabilities at the sensor, but the sensor still needs to be wired to something capable of reading it.
I'll have to make the protype somehow wearable on a finger, sort of like a ring.
So, whatever does the wireless communication must not be much larger than that.
The range need not be very much.
A few metres is more than enough.
This contraption would ultimately be an input device by which an user can control a computer.
Since my main goal is to develop the algorithms in software, I'd like to avoid difficult or expensive hardware.
Another little arduino seems to be a nice idea.
Any recommendations that cost below...say...Arduino Uno ?
What about some sort of infra-red wizardry?
Can I keep my code intact and build a transparent system that emulates the wires with that?
As far as I'm aware, there are no I2C wireless adapters - the bus is intended for connecting devices on a single PCB, like a mobile phone engine.
You could maybe make an adapter using a Tiny, reading the accelerometer and retransmitting the data via IRDA, but you've still got to power it.