VIN is just a pin above the regulator. IF you are feeding the regulator 5v, e.g. using a USB cable, then yes, that 5v is available at VIN. I have the same SD module but I have never used it. I understand it is 5v only and has an onboard 3.3v regulator. I assume the above arrangement is what is used in the video. Bearing in mind that ESP8266 is strictly a 3.3v device, if you are feeding it 3.3v by other means, don't expect 5v at VIN.
If your power is in fact kosher, I guess the next point is to ensure that the CS pin used really is the one called for in the code. It is typically pin 4 in Arduino and I believe that is D2 on NodeMCU.