Connecting a brushless motor with hall sensors and position encoder to arduino

ESCs for RC motors aren't going to drive a proper BLDC well, partly because the
winding resistance/inductance is so much higher so that the start-up sequence may fail to
put enough current through the motor, and partly because the typical use of such a
motor isn't the same - you often want torque from stationary for instance, or to set up
a positional servo loop.

You can try it, something will happen I'm sure. Also there are ESCs supporting sensored
RC motors, which would be a better choice, although harder to find, more expensive.