When I connect my MKR1000 board to my computer (windows 10) using the provided cable, I get following error message from windows:
All my USB port give the same message. I have the correct drivers, because connecting the board to my computer worked without any problem earlier today.
The ON led lights up when it is connected to the computer, but I can't upload anything to the Arduino. Double clicking the reset button fast or holding it down for 30 sec does nothing.
Is there anything I can do or is my board just dead?
The tricky thing about the boards with native USB functionality like your MKR1000 is that the USB code that creates the CDC serial port is running on the same microcontroller as your sketch. This means your sketch code can break the USB code, or stop it from running. That can result in the sort of error message you encountered.
If this is the case, the board can be recovered by uploading a sketch that doesn't interfere with the proper functioning of the USB stack. But the issue makes it so you can't upload normally anymore. However, the situation is really not so bad because there is an independent program called the bootloader in a separate section of memory from your sketch, and that program has its own USB CDC code. So even if the sketch is completely broken, you only need to activate the bootloader and you will get a port back and be able to upload.
Fortunately, there is an easy way to recover from this situation:
Press and release the reset button on your board quickly twice. You should now see the LED on the board pulsing, which means the bootloader is running. The double press causes the bootloader to run indefinitely (until the board is reset, powered off, or an upload is done), which means you don't need to get the timing of the reset just right.
Select the port of your board from the Tools > Port menu. The port number may be different when the bootloader is running so don't assume you already have the correct port selected.
Start an upload in the Arduino IDE.
The upload should now finish successfully. After this, you should be able to go back to doing normal uploads without needing to press the reset button. If you still need to do the reset trick to do uploads after this, the problem may be caused by your code. You can verify this by uploading a simple sketch like File > Examples > 01.Basics > BareMinimum.