Convert Arduino PWM 5V to analog output 0-10V

There's nothing wrong with your opamp circuit.
It wasn't clear whether you were getting the desired result from your original post.
X2 non-inverting amplifier , A = 1 + (R2/R1) -- fine, fine, fine.
The output is labelled "PWM", but it shouldn't be PWM there, only a "pure" DC level.