Creating interesting clock, have a few ideas but need advice driving 200+ LEDs.

You could drive both the 60 ring LED's and the segment LED's from MAX7219 chips if the individual segment LED's are wired as part of a 8x8 matrix (not in series or parallel). You could use the LedControl library but write your own functions that call it to turn on/off the required LED's for the segments your wanting to drive.