"Dangerous Arduino Voltage" ahahaha.

I see no reason for the opto coupler either.

My first thought was, that maybe 5V would damage the plant.
But the tutorial uses a 3V battery pack, and that does noes leave much difference.

I'd just use a voltage divider and the signal from the arduino.

My best guess is, that the text has been adapted from somewhere else, and the setup just carried over without much thought?