There are lots of ideas on that StackExchange link.
What, exactly are you planning to do?
You can use an ESP8266 without an Arduino but it may not have as many I/O pins as an Arduino. Without knowing how you plan to sense the occupancy it is impossible to know what is required.
The arduino has many input pins. you can connect one IR sensor to each and easily monitor a dozen chairs by connecting directly to the pins on your UNO.
you can get a chip called a shift register or one called a port expander and then use 4 pins on the UNO and read 8, 16 or 32 IR sensors, or use as second shift register, connected to the first and add another 8, and another, and another.....
you could easily read if 64 individual IR sensors detect if someone is present, or not.
all with one Arduino UNO (or mini/nano/micro)
this is done very often and there are lots of examples.