How to detect if one of the components that are connected to arduino is damaged?
ps: my project is to detect if the sensors and other components connected to arduino are working
If they do what they're supposed to do they're good.
If one of them doesn't do what it's supposed to do but when you replace it with an "identical" example that one does what it's supposed to do then the first one was bad.
With coverage as wide as "sensors and other components" it's difficult to be more definite than that.
Steve
In order to determine if a device is working properly, you will need some kind of feedback from the device or component.
For example, if your device produces power at the output, you could rig a small light to light up when that voltage shows up. Then, have a photo resistor near the light and connect the terminals back to one of the input terminals (A0, A1, etc.) of the Arduino (see Arduino Projects Book project #4:Color Mixing Lamp). Then you write code to test the measured input to see if the voltage level at the input terminal is high (or low) enough to signify correct operation.
If your definition of "working" is more complicated, some other method of developing feedback will be needed.
I'd suggest listing the expected common failure modes, and see if there are easy ways to detect each kind of
failure. For instance you should start with disconnected and shorted, both relatively common to happen and
easier to test than many things. With sensors that are expected to vary or be noisy you can test for the output
value being stuck at one value.