Look in DTH.h and you will see a line uint8_t data[6];
This is (in effect) creating 6 variable called data[0], data[1], ... data[5] They always start at [0] so 6 variables will be numbered 0 to 5, 10 would be numbered 0 to 9
The line you refer to (f = data[2]) is getting variable 3 (don't forget numbering starts at zero) and putting it into a variable called f