That's genuinely interesting.
Yeah. Concurrency in general is a REAL PROBLEM, fully capable of attracting many PHD candidates and generating many papers. If you think it's an issue with interrupts on an arduino, consider those 1000-core supercomputers, where each CPU has multiple interrupt levels and multi-tasking operating systems. (or even the quad-core desktops that you'd really like to run apps faster than a single-core system.)