Disconnecting/Reconnecting Issue with both the Peripheral and the Central

Hi! I have two Arduino nano 33 BLE sense and for one of them, I modified the Callback LED example to act as the peripheral receive information from the other nano which I modified the LED Control to act as the central. The LED Control-modified code is set to turn the led on the peripheral Arduino on and off at 1-second intervals. The Callback LED-modified code should connect to the LED Control-modified and turn on and off it's LED, this whole process works fine and I have no problem connecting to the two Arduinos initially.

The problem happens when I run a disconnection test and I turn off the central Arduino and the peripheral Arduino doesn't recognize it disconnected so it then gets stuck and doesn't display in the Serial Monitor. This also happens to the central Arduino when I turn off the peripheral and it never displays in the Serial Monitor that it has disconnected.

Below is the modified code:

/*
  LED Control - modified 
*/

#include <ArduinoBLE.h>

// variables for button
//const int buttonPin = 2;
int oldButtonState = LOW;

void setup() {
  Serial.begin(9600);
  // I commented this out because I wanted it to connect without opening the Serial Monitor
  //while (!Serial);
 

  // configure the button pin as input
  //pinMode(buttonPin, INPUT);

  // initialize the BLE hardware
  BLE.begin();

  Serial.println("BLE Central - LED control");

  // start scanning for peripherals
  BLE.scanForUuid("19b10000-e8f2-537e-4f6c-d104768a1214");
}

void loop() {
  // check if a peripheral has been discovered
  BLEDevice peripheral = BLE.available();

  if (peripheral) {
    // discovered a peripheral, print out address, local name, and advertised service
    Serial.print("Found ");
    Serial.print(peripheral.address());
    Serial.print(" '");
    Serial.print(peripheral.localName());
    Serial.print("' ");
    Serial.print(peripheral.advertisedServiceUuid());
    Serial.println();

    if (peripheral.localName() != "LED") {
      return;
    }

    // stop scanning
    BLE.stopScan();

    controlLed(peripheral);

    // peripheral disconnected, start scanning again
    BLE.scanForUuid("19b10000-e8f2-537e-4f6c-d104768a1214");
  }
}

void controlLed(BLEDevice peripheral) {
  // connect to the peripheral
  Serial.println("Connecting ...");

  if (peripheral.connect()) {
    Serial.println("Connected");
  } else {
    Serial.println("Failed to connect!");
    return;
  }

  // discover peripheral attributes
  Serial.println("Discovering attributes ...");
  if (peripheral.discoverAttributes()) {
    Serial.println("Attributes discovered");
  } else {
    Serial.println("Attribute discovery failed!");
    peripheral.disconnect();
    return;
  }

  // retrieve the LED characteristic
  BLECharacteristic ledCharacteristic = peripheral.characteristic("19b10001-e8f2-537e-4f6c-d104768a1214");

  if (!ledCharacteristic) {
    Serial.println("Peripheral does not have LED characteristic!");
    peripheral.disconnect();
    return;
  } else if (!ledCharacteristic.canWrite()) {
    Serial.println("Peripheral does not have a writable LED characteristic!");
    peripheral.disconnect();
    return;
  }

  while (peripheral.connected()) {
    // while the peripheral is connected
    // turn the LED on and off at 1 second intervals
    delay(1000);
     ledCharacteristic.writeValue((byte)0x01);
    delay(1000);
     ledCharacteristic.writeValue((byte)0x00);
  }

  Serial.println("Peripheral disconnected");
}
/*
  Callback LED - modified 
  
*/

#include <ArduinoBLE.h>
BLEService ledService("19B10000-E8F2-537E-4F6C-D104768A1214"); // create service

// create switch characteristic and allow remote device to read and write
BLEByteCharacteristic switchCharacteristic("19B10001-E8F2-537E-4F6C-D104768A1214", BLERead | BLEWrite);

const int ledPin = LED_BUILTIN; // pin to use for the LED

void setup() {
  Serial.begin(9600);
  while (!Serial);
  
  pinMode(ledPin, OUTPUT); // use the LED pin as an output

  // begin initialization
  if (!BLE.begin()) {
    Serial.println("starting BLE failed!");

    while (1);
  }

  // set the local name peripheral advertises
  BLE.setLocalName("LED");
  // set the UUID for the service this peripheral advertises
  BLE.setAdvertisedService(ledService);

  // add the characteristic to the service
  ledService.addCharacteristic(switchCharacteristic);

  // add service
  BLE.addService(ledService);

  // assign event handlers for connected, disconnected to peripheral
  BLE.setEventHandler(BLEConnected, blePeripheralConnectHandler);
  BLE.setEventHandler(BLEDisconnected, blePeripheralDisconnectHandler);

  // assign event handlers for characteristic
  switchCharacteristic.setEventHandler(BLEWritten, switchCharacteristicWritten);
  // set an initial value for the characteristic
  switchCharacteristic.setValue(0);

  // start advertising
  BLE.advertise();

  Serial.println(("Bluetooth device active, waiting for connections..."));
}

void loop() {
  // poll for BLE events
  BLE.poll();
}

void blePeripheralConnectHandler(BLEDevice central) {
  // central connected event handler
  Serial.print("Connected event, central: ");
  Serial.println(central.address());
}

void blePeripheralDisconnectHandler(BLEDevice central) {
  // central disconnected event handler
  Serial.print("Disconnected event, central: ");
  Serial.println(central.address());
}

void switchCharacteristicWritten(BLEDevice central, BLECharacteristic characteristic) {
  // central wrote new value to characteristic, update LED
  Serial.print("Characteristic event, written: ");

  if (switchCharacteristic.value()) {
    Serial.println("LED on");
    digitalWrite(ledPin, HIGH);
  } else {
    Serial.println("LED off");
    digitalWrite(ledPin, LOW);
  }
}

Any help appreciated. Thanks.

I have the same problem. Any one of the peripheral or central goes down, the other one just hangs there.

I implemented a timeout in central, but it just cannot discover the peripheral when it powers up again.

I also implemented timeout in peripheral, however, BLEcharacteristics.valueWrite() never returned.