That looks quite conclusive. Out of curiosity, I repeated the experiment to see where it would break. That is where it is clear that an Arduino pin could not be used. At 1MHz and a gate capacitance of 2nF it looks quite grim and the Mosfet may not even switch off. Of course, this assumes that Pulse is a reasonable model of the Arduino pin.
With a Mosfet driver which can handle 200mA, the situation looks a lot better:
