Only if I try really hard 
Suppose you build that on a separate module and the Arduino with the 3.3V is not connected. If you start connecting the wires, then the BSS138 can be blown.
The voltage at the gate of the BSS138 is maximum -20V or +20V. Because of the high input resistance, the gate should always be connected to something.
There must be a path from the GND to the gate somehow, so the gate does not get weird voltages.
