Is it safe to ground my components using any available GND port on my parts?
For example, let's say you have a BMS with a GND pin for the battery. I know the battery negative terminal should wire to this GND pin. But then, can I sent other devices to this same GND pin? Or should I ground things on more specific board GND pins?
Assume this is a portable handheld device that doesn't actually have a connection to the earth.
They are all the same, mix and match as convenient.
Assume this is a portable handheld device that doesn't actually have a connection to the earth.
Correct it doesn't. The trouble is there are several related but seperate things:
0V, which is a point in the circuit designated by the circuit designer, and to which all voltages in the circuit are referenced.
Ground, which is often used as a pseudonym for 0V. Ground can also be a connection to the chassis of the equipment.
Earth, which is a connection to the muddy stuff outside, and is for safety.
These are generally connected together. I am completely confident that someone will post alternative / better definitions to the ones I have given.
on carryable devices where DC utilized you can connect every GND, 0V , "chassis" and "earth" wires together. not on main socket. i saw one controller board from a wash-machine, there was +5V as GND and opposite wire was 0V.
to be sure read manual to device or module.