Download information from ATmega328p through USB

Thank you for the answer @Nick_Pyner,
I might be overcomplicating it no doubt, since I still have a lot to learn. To explain a bit more, I am trying to get to know as much as possible of embedded sistems, and for the moment I started with arduino projects, now I have designed a couple of boards with Atmel chips and burned the arduino bootloader into them via usbasp.
And now the idea that I had is the following. One of the boards that I have is a microbalance that gets temperature, humidity and frequency values of the the xtals and displays all the information on a Nextion screen and stores them in an SD in .CSV format so I can later look at it in excel. However, now I would like to know if it is possible to build a GUI that can pull the data from my board via USB for example, so I don't have to extract the micro SD card every time I want to do that.