There are three main standard temperature ranges for the operating range of components:
- Commercial grade: 0 °C to 70 °C (sometimes ?10 °C to 70 °C)
- Industrial grade: ?40 °C to 85 °C (sometimes ?25 °C to 85 °C)
- Military grade: ?55 °C to 125 °C (sometimes -65 °C to 175 °C)
Storage temperature ranges will, understandably, be outside that range. Most components you have will either be commercial or industrial grade. If the actual storage temperature is outside the operating temperature, but within the storage temperature range, then all should be well. If the storage temperature range falls outside the storage temperature range (usually below, unless you store your components in an oven) it may be necessary to "bake" the components before use.
This is most often a problem when you are reflowing surface mount components. Moisture condenses within the components at low temperatures, and when reheated to reflow temperatures creates steam which can cause the components to literally explode. It is necessary do drive off that moisture with gentle heating for a long period before use. By gentle, we are talking around 60-100°C. By a long period we are talking around 24 hours. Some components which are particularly susceptible to moisture ingress that haven't been stored in hermetically sealed packaging should be baked beforehand regardless.