Yes, You can feed 9V to the board and you can use the 5V supply generated by the Arduino so long as the total current is less than 500mA.
The TMP101 only draws about 150uS and the HIH about 200-500uS. I don't know how much the SD card will draw, but I'd be shocked if it was too much. You should be fine powering those devices from the Arduino.
Steve