Error converting simple code made for 32u4 to NRF52

washudave · February 3, 2021, 7:17am

I'm taking some code that was made for 32u4 and trying to use it on an nRF52832.

I think it should be pretty simple (but I may be optimistic). Even if it isn't so do-able, this error I'm getting is driving me crazy, and would really appreciate finding out why it is happening.

I think all I really need to do is change which pin is used as the 'trigger' (for photo). That line what is giving me the error. I have tried a bunch of different values but keep getting this error.

error: "invalid conversion from 'int' to 'char*' [-permission]
on the line: #define TRIGGER_PIN

Really appreciate any help/advice. Thanks!

Here is the code:

/* General configuration
   ---------------------
   INITIAL_DELAY = delay after reset to initialize serial port in ms
   PERFORM_FACTORY_RESET = define to perform BT module factory reset on restart
   SHUTTER_MIN_INTERVAL = minimum interval between shutter presses
*/
#define INITIAL_DELAY                       1000 // ms
//#define PERFORM_FACTORY_RESET
#define SHUTTER_MIN_INTERVAL                10000 // ms

/* Interval shooting feature configuration
   ---------------------------------------
   USE_INTERVAL = define to enable interval shooting
   INTERVAL_DOT = show "." on serial every X ms
   INTERVAL_SHUTTER = press shutter every X ms
*/
//#define USE_INTERVAL
#define INTERVAL_SHUTTER                    30000 // ms

/* Trigger pin feature configuration
   ---------------------------------
   USE_TRIGGER = define to enable triggered shooting
   TRIGGER_ON_LH = true to trigger on switching from low to high
   TRIGGER_ON_HL = true to trigger on switching from high to low
   TRIGGER_PIN = GPIO pin used for trigger
*/
#define USE_TRIGGER
#define TRIGGER_PIN                         5
#define TRIGGER_ON_LH                       true
#define TRIGGER_ON_HL                       false

/* Bluefruit BLE module configuration
   ----------------------------------
   If you use the recommended board Adafruit Feather 32u4 Bluefruit LE,
   (product #2829), then do not modify anything below -- these settings 
   are required for this board.
*/
#define BLUEFRUIT_MINIMUM_FIRMWARE_VERSION  "0.6.6"
#define BLUEFRUIT_SPI_CS                    8
#define BLUEFRUIT_SPI_IRQ                   7
#define BLUEFRUIT_SPI_RST                   4
#define BLUEFRUIT_VERBOSE_MODE              false

Here is the other piece for reference:

/* Altairis PrusaCam Feather BT version 1.0.0 (2019-03-29)
   Copyright (c) Michal A. Valasek - Altairis, 2019
   Licensed under terms of the MIT License.
   www.rider.cz | www.altairis.cz | github.com/ridercz/PrusaCam
*/

#include <Arduino.h>
#include <SPI.h>
#include "Adafruit_BLE.h"
#include "Adafruit_BluefruitLE_SPI.h"
#include "PrusaCamConfig.h"

Adafruit_BluefruitLE_SPI ble(BLUEFRUIT_SPI_CS, BLUEFRUIT_SPI_IRQ, BLUEFRUIT_SPI_RST);
bool serialAvailable = false;
unsigned long nextShutterMin = 0;

#ifdef USE_INTERVAL
unsigned long nextShutterMillis = 0;
#endif

#ifdef USE_TRIGGER
bool lastTriggerState = false;
#endif

void setup() {
  // Turn on LED during initialization
  pinMode(LED_BUILTIN, OUTPUT);
  digitalWrite(LED_BUILTIN, true);

  // Initialize serial port
  Serial.begin(9600);
  while (true) {
    if (Serial) {
      serialAvailable = true;
      break;
    }
    if (millis() > INITIAL_DELAY) break;
  }

  logPrintLn(F("Altairis PrusaCam Feather BT version 1.0.0"));
  logPrintLn(F("Copyright (c) Michal A. Valasek - Altairis, 2019"));
  logPrintLn(F("              www.rider.cz | www.altairis.cz | github.com/ridercz/PrusaCam"));
  logPrintLn();

  // Initialize Bluetooth
  initBLE();

  // Check if there is either interval or trigger
  bool hasSomethigToRunOn = false;

#ifdef USE_TRIGGER
  logPrint(F("Trigger enabled on pin "));
  logPrintLn(TRIGGER_PIN);
  pinMode(TRIGGER_PIN, INPUT);
  if (TRIGGER_ON_LH || TRIGGER_ON_HL) {
    if (TRIGGER_ON_LH) logPrintLn(F("Trigger on LH enabled."));
    if (TRIGGER_ON_HL) logPrintLn(F("Trigger on HL enabled."));
    hasSomethigToRunOn = true;
  } else {
    logPrintLn(F("WARNING: Neither TRIGGER_ON_LH nor TRIGGER_ON_HL is set to true. Trigger is effectively disabled."));
  }
#endif

#ifdef USE_INTERVAL
  logPrint(F("Inteval enabled, time (ms) = "));
  logPrintLn(INTERVAL_SHUTTER);
  hasSomethigToRunOn = true;
#endif

  if (!hasSomethigToRunOn) {
    logPrintLn(F("CONFIGURATION ERROR: There are no conditions for shutter defined, so the shutter will never be pressed."));
    logPrintLn(F("System halted."));
    while (1);
  }

  // Turn off LED
  logPrintLn(F("Initialization done, system ready."));
  digitalWrite(LED_BUILTIN, false);
}

void loop() {
#ifdef USE_TRIGGER
  bool currentTriggerState = digitalRead(TRIGGER_PIN);
  if (lastTriggerState != currentTriggerState) {
    if (TRIGGER_ON_LH && currentTriggerState) {
      logPrint("Trigger (LH) detected: ");
      pressShutter();
    }
    if (TRIGGER_ON_HL && !currentTriggerState) {
      logPrint("Trigger (HL) detected: ");
      pressShutter();
    }
    lastTriggerState = currentTriggerState;
  }
#endif

#ifdef USE_INTERVAL
  // Press shutter every INTERVAL_SHUTTER ms
  if (millis() >= nextShutterMillis) {
    pressShutter();
    logPrintLn(F("Waiting..."));
    nextShutterMillis = millis() + INTERVAL_SHUTTER;
  }
#endif
}

void initBLE() {
  logPrint(F("Initializing the Bluetooth module..."));
  if (!ble.begin(BLUEFRUIT_VERBOSE_MODE)) {
    logPrintLn(F("Failed!"));
    while (1);
  }
  logPrintLn(F("OK"));

  if (serialAvailable) {
    // Disable command echo
    ble.echo(false);
    // Display module info
    ble.info();
  }

#ifdef PERFORM_FACTORY_RESET
  logPrint(F("Performing a factory reset..."));
  if (!ble.factoryReset()) {
    logPrintLn(F("Failed!"));
    while (1);
  }
  logPrintLn(F("OK"));
#endif

  // Firmware version 0.6.6+ required
  if (!ble.isVersionAtLeast(BLUEFRUIT_MINIMUM_FIRMWARE_VERSION)) {
    logPrintLn(F("This sketch requires firmware version "BLUEFRUIT_MINIMUM_FIRMWARE_VERSION" or higher!"));
    while (1);
  }

  logPrint(F("Setting device name to 'Altairis PrusaCam Feather BT'..."));
  if (!ble.sendCommandCheckOK(F("AT+GAPDEVNAME=Altairis PrusaCam Feather BT"))) {
    logPrintLn(F("Failed!"));
    while (1);
  }
  logPrintLn(F("OK"));

  logPrint(F("Enabling HID Services..."));
  if (!ble.sendCommandCheckOK(F("AT+BLEHIDEN=On"))) {
    logPrintLn(F("Failed!"));
    while (1);
  }
  logPrintLn(F("OK"));

  logPrint(F("Applying changes..."));
  if (!ble.reset()) {
    logPrintLn(F("Failed!"));
    while (1);
  }
  logPrintLn(F("OK"));
}

void pressShutter() {
  if (millis() < nextShutterMin) {
    logPrintLn(F("Ignoring shutter request, too early after previous one."));
    return;
  }

  // Turn on LED during shutter press
  digitalWrite(LED_BUILTIN, true);

  // Send VOLUME+
  logPrint(F("Pressing shutter..."));
  ble.println(F("AT+BleHidControlKey=VOLUME+"));
  if (!ble.waitForOK()) {
    logPrintLn(F("Failed! (maybe not paired?)"));
  } else {
    logPrintLn(F("OK"));
  }

  // Turn off LED
  digitalWrite(LED_BUILTIN, false);

  // Set minimum time for next shutter
  nextShutterMin = millis() + SHUTTER_MIN_INTERVAL;
}

void logPrintLn() {
  if (!serialAvailable) return;
  Serial.println();
}

void logPrintLn(char* s) {
  if (!serialAvailable) return;
  Serial.println(s);
}

void logPrintLn(String s) {
  if (!serialAvailable) return;
  Serial.println(s);
}

void logPrint(String s) {
  if (!serialAvailable) return;
  Serial.print(s);
}

void logPrint(char* s) {
  if (!serialAvailable) return;
  Serial.print(s);
}

PaulRB · February 3, 2021, 8:02am

error: "invalid conversion from 'int' to 'char*' [-permission]
on the line: #define TRIGGER_PIN

Very strange! I can't see how that line could produce that error, I wonder why it appears to. Please post the full output from the compiler, in code tags.

washudave · February 3, 2021, 4:42pm

Here is the full ouput:

Arduino: 1.8.13 (Windows 10), Board: "Adafruit Feather nRF52832, 0.3.2 SoftDevice s132 6.1.1, Level 0 (Release)"





















In file included from D:\Documents\Arduino\libraries\Adafruit_BluefruitLE_nRF51/Adafruit_BLE.h:42,

                 from C:\Users\David-Test\Downloads\PrusaCam-master\PrusaCamFeatherBT\PrusaCamFeatherBT.ino:9:

D:\Documents\Arduino\libraries\Adafruit_BluefruitLE_nRF51/utility/common_header.h:74:20: error: redefinition of 'bool is_within(uint32_t, uint32_t, uint32_t)'

   74 | static inline bool is_within(uint32_t lower, uint32_t value, uint32_t upper)

      |                    ^~~~~~~~~

In file included from C:\Users\David-Test\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\adafruit\hardware\nrf52\0.21.0\cores\nRF5/rtos.h:45,

                 from C:\Users\David-Test\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\adafruit\hardware\nrf52\0.21.0\cores\nRF5/Arduino.h:48,

                 from C:\Users\David-Test\Downloads\PrusaCam-master\PrusaCamFeatherBT\PrusaCamFeatherBT.ino:7:

C:\Users\David-Test\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\adafruit\hardware\nrf52\0.21.0\cores\nRF5/common_func.h:312:20: note: 'bool is_within(uint32_t, uint32_t, uint32_t)' previously defined here

  312 | static inline bool is_within(uint32_t lower, uint32_t value, uint32_t upper)

      |                    ^~~~~~~~~

In file included from D:\Documents\Arduino\libraries\Adafruit_BluefruitLE_nRF51/Adafruit_BLE.h:43,

                 from C:\Users\David-Test\Downloads\PrusaCam-master\PrusaCamFeatherBT\PrusaCamFeatherBT.ino:9:

D:\Documents\Arduino\libraries\Adafruit_BluefruitLE_nRF51/utility/errors.h:112:53: error: 'ERROR_NONE' conflicts with a previous declaration

  112 |     ERROR_NONE                                    = 0x0000,   ///< Successful command

      |                                                     ^~~~~~

In file included from C:\Users\David-Test\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\adafruit\hardware\nrf52\0.21.0\cores\nRF5/Arduino.h:26,

                 from C:\Users\David-Test\Downloads\PrusaCam-master\PrusaCamFeatherBT\PrusaCamFeatherBT.ino:7:

C:\Users\David-Test\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\adafruit\hardware\nrf52\0.21.0\cores\nRF5/wiring_constants.h:65:3: note: previous declaration '<unnamed enum> ERROR_NONE'

   65 |   ERROR_NONE = 0

      |   ^~~~~~~~~~

In file included from D:\Documents\Arduino\libraries\Adafruit_BluefruitLE_nRF51/Adafruit_BLE.h:43,

                 from C:\Users\David-Test\Downloads\PrusaCam-master\PrusaCamFeatherBT\PrusaCamFeatherBT.ino:9:

D:\Documents\Arduino\libraries\Adafruit_BluefruitLE_nRF51/utility/errors.h:196:3: error: conflicting declaration 'typedef enum err_t err_t'

  196 | } err_t;

      |   ^~~~~

In file included from C:\Users\David-Test\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\adafruit\hardware\nrf52\0.21.0\cores\nRF5/Arduino.h:26,

                 from C:\Users\David-Test\Downloads\PrusaCam-master\PrusaCamFeatherBT\PrusaCamFeatherBT.ino:7:

C:\Users\David-Test\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\adafruit\hardware\nrf52\0.21.0\cores\nRF5/wiring_constants.h:61:18: note: previous declaration as 'typedef uint32_t err_t'

   61 | typedef uint32_t err_t;

      |                  ^~~~~

In file included from C:\Users\David-Test\Downloads\PrusaCam-master\PrusaCamFeatherBT\PrusaCamFeatherBT.ino:11:

C:\Users\David-Test\Downloads\PrusaCam-master\PrusaCamFeatherBT\PrusaCamFeatherBT.ino: In function 'void setup()':

PrusaCamConfig.h:28:45: error: invalid conversion from 'int' to 'char*' [-fpermissive]

   28 | #define TRIGGER_PIN                         5

      |                                             ^

      |                                             |

      |                                             int

C:\Users\David-Test\Downloads\PrusaCam-master\PrusaCamFeatherBT\PrusaCamFeatherBT.ino:53:14: note: in expansion of macro 'TRIGGER_PIN'

   53 |   logPrintLn(TRIGGER_PIN);

      |              ^~~~~~~~~~~

C:\Users\David-Test\Downloads\PrusaCam-master\PrusaCamFeatherBT\PrusaCamFeatherBT.ino:189:23: note:   initializing argument 1 of 'void logPrintLn(char*)'

  189 | void logPrintLn(char* s) {

      |                 ~~~~~~^

exit status 1

invalid conversion from 'int' to 'char*' [-fpermissive]



This report would have more information with
"Show verbose output during compilation"
option enabled in File -> Preferences.

PaulRB · February 3, 2021, 6:36pm

Try changing

  logPrint(F("Trigger enabled on pin "));
  logPrintLn(TRIGGER_PIN);

to

  logPrint(F("Trigger enabled on pin "));
  char buf[3];
  sprintf(buf, "%d", TRIGGER_PIN);
  logPrintLn(buf);

david_2018 · February 3, 2021, 7:56pm

PaulRB:
Try changing

  logPrint(F("Trigger enabled on pin "));

logPrintLn(TRIGGER_PIN);

to
logPrint(F("Trigger enabled on pin "));
char buf[3];
sprintf(buf, "%d", TRIGGER_PIN);
logPrintLn(buf);

Or create a logPrintLn() function that will accept an integer.

washudave · February 3, 2021, 8:34pm

I made the change suggested by Paul, and it cleared that error! (Thanks!).

I am now getting a 'Error compiling board Adafruit Feather nRF52832'. Probably something else in the code that was meant for the 32u4 that needs to change, that I'm trying to figure out now (or, if it's not something simple, I may just break down and get a 32u4 board ).

full error:

Arduino: 1.8.13 (Windows 10), Board: "Adafruit Feather nRF52832, 0.3.2 SoftDevice s132 6.1.1, Level 0 (Release)"





















In file included from D:\Documents\Arduino\libraries\Adafruit_BluefruitLE_nRF51/Adafruit_BLE.h:42,

                 from C:\Users\David-Test\Downloads\PrusaCam-master\PrusaCamFeatherBT\PrusaCamFeatherBT.ino:9:

D:\Documents\Arduino\libraries\Adafruit_BluefruitLE_nRF51/utility/common_header.h:74:20: error: redefinition of 'bool is_within(uint32_t, uint32_t, uint32_t)'

   74 | static inline bool is_within(uint32_t lower, uint32_t value, uint32_t upper)

      |                    ^~~~~~~~~

In file included from C:\Users\David-Test\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\adafruit\hardware\nrf52\0.21.0\cores\nRF5/rtos.h:45,

                 from C:\Users\David-Test\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\adafruit\hardware\nrf52\0.21.0\cores\nRF5/Arduino.h:48,

                 from C:\Users\David-Test\Downloads\PrusaCam-master\PrusaCamFeatherBT\PrusaCamFeatherBT.ino:7:

C:\Users\David-Test\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\adafruit\hardware\nrf52\0.21.0\cores\nRF5/common_func.h:312:20: note: 'bool is_within(uint32_t, uint32_t, uint32_t)' previously defined here

  312 | static inline bool is_within(uint32_t lower, uint32_t value, uint32_t upper)

      |                    ^~~~~~~~~

In file included from D:\Documents\Arduino\libraries\Adafruit_BluefruitLE_nRF51/Adafruit_BLE.h:43,

                 from C:\Users\David-Test\Downloads\PrusaCam-master\PrusaCamFeatherBT\PrusaCamFeatherBT.ino:9:

D:\Documents\Arduino\libraries\Adafruit_BluefruitLE_nRF51/utility/errors.h:112:53: error: 'ERROR_NONE' conflicts with a previous declaration

  112 |     ERROR_NONE                                    = 0x0000,   ///< Successful command

      |                                                     ^~~~~~

In file included from C:\Users\David-Test\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\adafruit\hardware\nrf52\0.21.0\cores\nRF5/Arduino.h:26,

                 from C:\Users\David-Test\Downloads\PrusaCam-master\PrusaCamFeatherBT\PrusaCamFeatherBT.ino:7:

C:\Users\David-Test\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\adafruit\hardware\nrf52\0.21.0\cores\nRF5/wiring_constants.h:65:3: note: previous declaration '<unnamed enum> ERROR_NONE'

   65 |   ERROR_NONE = 0

      |   ^~~~~~~~~~

In file included from D:\Documents\Arduino\libraries\Adafruit_BluefruitLE_nRF51/Adafruit_BLE.h:43,

                 from C:\Users\David-Test\Downloads\PrusaCam-master\PrusaCamFeatherBT\PrusaCamFeatherBT.ino:9:

D:\Documents\Arduino\libraries\Adafruit_BluefruitLE_nRF51/utility/errors.h:196:3: error: conflicting declaration 'typedef enum err_t err_t'

  196 | } err_t;

      |   ^~~~~

In file included from C:\Users\David-Test\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\adafruit\hardware\nrf52\0.21.0\cores\nRF5/Arduino.h:26,

                 from C:\Users\David-Test\Downloads\PrusaCam-master\PrusaCamFeatherBT\PrusaCamFeatherBT.ino:7:

C:\Users\David-Test\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\adafruit\hardware\nrf52\0.21.0\cores\nRF5/wiring_constants.h:61:18: note: previous declaration as 'typedef uint32_t err_t'

   61 | typedef uint32_t err_t;

      |                  ^~~~~

exit status 1

Error compiling for board Adafruit Feather nRF52832.



This report would have more information with
"Show verbose output during compilation"
option enabled in File -> Preferences.

PaulRB · February 3, 2021, 11:27pm

Edit the file D:\Documents\Arduino\libraries\Adafruit_BluefruitLE_nRF51\utility\common_header.h

Comment out these lines near bottom of file:

static inline bool is_within(uint32_t lower, uint32_t value, uint32_t upper)
{
  return (lower <= value) && (value <= upper);
}

...there will be more errors to fix...

washudave · February 4, 2021, 12:41am

That cleared some, but more to go.

Are those "ERROR_NONE" actually errors that need to be cleared, or just the "err_t"s?

Arduino: 1.8.13 (Windows 10), Board: "Adafruit Feather nRF52832, 0.3.2 SoftDevice s132 6.1.1, Level 0 (Release)"





















In file included from D:\Documents\Arduino\libraries\Adafruit_BluefruitLE_nRF51/Adafruit_BLE.h:43,

                 from C:\Users\David-Test\Downloads\PrusaCam-master\PrusaCamFeatherBT\PrusaCamFeatherBT.ino:9:

D:\Documents\Arduino\libraries\Adafruit_BluefruitLE_nRF51/utility/errors.h:112:53: error: 'ERROR_NONE' conflicts with a previous declaration

  112 |     ERROR_NONE                                    = 0x0000,   ///< Successful command

      |                                                     ^~~~~~

In file included from C:\Users\David-Test\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\adafruit\hardware\nrf52\0.21.0\cores\nRF5/Arduino.h:26,

                 from C:\Users\David-Test\Downloads\PrusaCam-master\PrusaCamFeatherBT\PrusaCamFeatherBT.ino:7:

C:\Users\David-Test\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\adafruit\hardware\nrf52\0.21.0\cores\nRF5/wiring_constants.h:65:3: note: previous declaration '<unnamed enum> ERROR_NONE'

   65 |   ERROR_NONE = 0

      |   ^~~~~~~~~~

In file included from D:\Documents\Arduino\libraries\Adafruit_BluefruitLE_nRF51/Adafruit_BLE.h:43,

                 from C:\Users\David-Test\Downloads\PrusaCam-master\PrusaCamFeatherBT\PrusaCamFeatherBT.ino:9:

D:\Documents\Arduino\libraries\Adafruit_BluefruitLE_nRF51/utility/errors.h:196:3: error: conflicting declaration 'typedef enum err_t err_t'

  196 | } err_t;

      |   ^~~~~

In file included from C:\Users\David-Test\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\adafruit\hardware\nrf52\0.21.0\cores\nRF5/Arduino.h:26,

                 from C:\Users\David-Test\Downloads\PrusaCam-master\PrusaCamFeatherBT\PrusaCamFeatherBT.ino:7:

C:\Users\David-Test\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\adafruit\hardware\nrf52\0.21.0\cores\nRF5/wiring_constants.h:61:18: note: previous declaration as 'typedef uint32_t err_t'

   61 | typedef uint32_t err_t;

      |                  ^~~~~

exit status 1

Error compiling for board Adafruit Feather nRF52832.



This report would have more information with
"Show verbose output during compilation"
option enabled in File -> Preferences.

PaulRB · February 4, 2021, 7:22am

Warnings can be ignored, but errors must be corrected in order to build & upload a sketch to the board.

For that error just fixed and the remaining ones, the problem is identical and duplicated definitions in two files, one file from the adafruit nrf52 libraries and the other from the adafruit nrf52 core files. Both from adafruit, which they should fix.

Are you sure you are using the latest nrf52 core version and the latest nrf52 library versions from adafruit? They may have fixed these errors.

washudave · February 4, 2021, 5:17pm

So,

I definitely have the latest version of the board:

And I have the latest version of the Library needed from the tutorial I'm following (How to make 3D print time lapses with your smartphone camera - Original Prusa 3D Printers)
Screenshot by Lightshot

As far as I can tell there is not actually a NRF52 library, there is not one in the Library Manager, and none discussed on the Adafruit Arduino setup page (Arduino Support Setup | Bluefruit nRF52 Feather Learning Guide | Adafruit Learning System).

But I feel like I'm missing something here?

PaulRB · February 4, 2021, 6:59pm

Please don't post links to external image hosting sites. Just attach the image to your post. It will be automatically be included in your post.

PaulRB · February 4, 2021, 7:02pm

As far as I can tell there is not actually a NRF52 library,

Sorry, I meant these:

#include "Adafruit_BLE.h"
#include "Adafruit_BluefruitLE_SPI.h"

system · June 4, 2021, 7:03pm

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Error converting simple code made for 32u4 to NRF52

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