ESP32-CAM Rebooting Loop

Using Arduino Programming Questions
1

I have uploaded some code onto my ESP32 CAM, and in the Serial Monitor, it prints repeatly:

Rebooting...
ets Jul 29 2019 12:21:46

rst:0xc (SW_CPU_RESET),boot:0x13 (SPI_FAST_FLASH_BOOT)
configsip: 0, SPIWP:0xee
clk_drv:0x00,q_drv:0x00,d_drv:0x00,cs0_drv:0x00,hd_drv:0x00,wp_drv:0x00
mode:DIO, clock div:1
load:0x3fff0030,len:4832
load:0x40078000,len:16460
load:0x40080400,len:4
load:0x40080404,len:3504
entry 0x400805cc

This is my code for the ESP32 CAM:

#include "esp_camera.h"
#include <Arduino.h>
#include <WiFi.h>
#include <AsyncTCP.h>
#include <ESPAsyncWebSrv.h>
#include <iostream>
#include <sstream>
#include <esp_now.h>

const int PWMFreq = 1000; /* 1 KHz */
const int PWMResolution = 8;
const int PWMLightChannel = 3;

//Camera related constants
#define LIGHT_PIN          4
#define PWDN_GPIO_NUM     32
#define RESET_GPIO_NUM    -1
#define XCLK_GPIO_NUM      0
#define SIOD_GPIO_NUM     26
#define SIOC_GPIO_NUM     27
#define Y9_GPIO_NUM       35
#define Y8_GPIO_NUM       34
#define Y7_GPIO_NUM       39
#define Y6_GPIO_NUM       36
#define Y5_GPIO_NUM       21
#define Y4_GPIO_NUM       19
#define Y3_GPIO_NUM       18
#define Y2_GPIO_NUM        5
#define VSYNC_GPIO_NUM    25
#define HREF_GPIO_NUM     23
#define PCLK_GPIO_NUM     22

// WiFi Password
const char* ssid = "*** I LOVE CENSORSHIP***";
const char* password = "***YOU WOULDN'T BE ABLE TO USE THIS INFO TO HACK ANYTHING, BUT ARDUINO FORUM THINKS THAT THE HUMAN NAMES THAT I GIVEN TO MY ROBOT PROTOTYPES ARE MY REAL NAME***";

//ESP32-WROOM MAC ADDRESS
uint8_t broadcastAddress[] = { 0xE0, 0x5A, 0x1B, 0xAC, 0x5A, 0xF8 };
#define PART_BOUNDARY "123456789000000000000987654321"\

//ESP NOW
typedef struct struct_message {
  int b;
} struct_message;
struct_message myData;
esp_now_peer_info_t peerInfo;
void OnDataSent(const uint8_t *mac_addr, esp_now_send_status_t status) {
  Serial.print("\r\nLast Packet Send Status:\t");
  Serial.println(status == ESP_NOW_SEND_SUCCESS ? "Delivery Success" : "Delivery Fail");
}

AsyncWebServer server(80);
AsyncWebSocket wsCamera("/Camera");
AsyncWebSocket wsButtons("/Buttons");
uint32_t cameraClientId = 0;

const char* htmlHomePage PROGMEM = R"HTMLHOMEPAGE(
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
  <head>
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no">
    <style>
    .arrows {
      font-size:40px;
      color:white;
    }
    td.button {
      background-color:purple;
      border-radius:5%;
      box-shadow: 5px 5px #888888;
    }
    td.button:active {
      transform: translate(5px,5px);
      box-shadow: none; 
    }

    .noselect {
      -webkit-touch-callout: none; /* iOS Safari */
        -webkit-user-select: none; /* Safari */
         -khtml-user-select: none; /* Konqueror HTML */
           -moz-user-select: none; /* Firefox */
            -ms-user-select: none; /* Internet Explorer/Edge */
                user-select: none; /* Non-prefixed version, currently
                                      supported by Chrome and Opera */
    }

    .slidecontainer {
      width: 100%;
    }

    .slider {
      -webkit-appearance: none;
      width: 90%;
      height: 15px;
      border-radius: 5px;
      background: #d3d3d3;
      outline: none;
      opacity: 0.7;
      -webkit-transition: .2s;
      transition: opacity .2s;
    }

    .slider:hover {
      opacity: 1;
    }
  
    .slider::-webkit-slider-thumb {
      -webkit-appearance: none;
      appearance: none;
      width: 30px;
      height: 30px;
      border-radius: 50%;
      background: green;
      cursor: pointer;
    }

    .slider::-moz-range-thumb {
      width: 25px;
      height: 25px;
      border-radius: 50%;
      background: green;
      cursor: pointer;
    }

    </style>
  
  </head>
  <body class="noselect" align="center" style="background-color:white">
     
    <!--h2 style="color: teal;text-align:center;">Wi-Fi Camera &#128663; Control</h2-->
    
    <table id="mainTable" style="width:400px;margin:auto;table-layout:fixed" CELLSPACING=10>
      <tr>
        <img id="cameraImage" src="" style="width:380px;height:300px"></td>
      </tr> 
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td class="button" ontouchstart='sendButtonInput("walkDirection", "1")' ontouchend='sendButtonInput("walkDirection", "5")'><span class="arrows" >&#8679;</span></td>
        <td></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td class="button" ontouchstart='sendButtonInput("walkDirection", "3")' ontouchend='sendButtonInput("walkDirection", "5")'><span class="arrows" >&#8678;</span></td>
        <td class="button"></td>    
        <td class="button" ontouchstart='sendButtonInput("walkDirection", "4")' ontouchend='sendButtonInput("walkDirection", "5")'><span class="arrows" >&#8680;</span></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td class="button" ontouchstart='sendButtonInput("walkDirection", "2")' ontouchend=''sendButtonInput("walkDirection", "5")'><span class="arrows" >&#8681;</span></td>
        <td></td>
      </tr>
      <tr/><tr/>    
      <tr>
        <td style="text-align:left"><b>Light:</b></td>
        <td colspan=2>
          <div class="slidecontainer">
            <input type="range" min="0" max="255" value="0" class="slider" id="Light" oninput='sendButtonInput("Light",value)'>
          </div>
        </td>   
      </tr>
    </table>
  
    <script>
      var webSocketCameraUrl = "ws:\/\/" + window.location.hostname + "/Camera";
      var webSocketButtonsUrl = "ws:\/\/" + window.location.hostname + "/Buttons";      
      var websocketCamera;
      var websocketButtons;
      
      function initCameraWebSocket() 
      {
        websocketCamera = new WebSocket(webSocketCameraUrl);
        websocketCamera.binaryType = 'blob';
        websocketCamera.onopen    = function(event){};
        websocketCamera.onclose   = function(event){setTimeout(initCameraWebSocket, 2000);};
        websocketCamera.onmessage = function(event)
        {
          var imageId = document.getElementById("cameraImage");
          imageId.src = URL.createObjectURL(event.data);
        };
      }
      
      function initButtonsWebSocket() 
      {
        websocketButtons = new WebSocket(webSocketButtonsUrl);
        websocketButtons.onopen    = function(event)
        {
          var lightButton = document.getElementById("Light");
          sendButtonInput("Light", lightButton.value);
        };
        websocketButtons.onclose   = function(event){setTimeout(initButtonsWebSocket, 2000);};
        websocketButtons.onmessage = function(event){};        
      }
      
      function initWebSocket() 
      {
        initCameraWebSocket ();
        initButtonsWebSocket();
      }

      function sendButtonInput(key, value) 
      {
        var data = key + "," + value;
        websocketButtons.send(data);
      }
    
      window.onload = initWebSocket;
      document.getElementById("mainTable").addEventListener("touchend", function(event){
        event.preventDefault()
      });      
    </script>
  </body>    
</html>
)HTMLHOMEPAGE";

void sendToWROOM(int valueInt)
{
  // Set values to send
    myData.b = valueInt;
    // Send message via ESP-NOW
  esp_err_t result = esp_now_send(broadcastAddress, (uint8_t *) &myData, sizeof(myData));
   
  if (result == ESP_OK) {
    Serial.println("Sending confirmed");
  }
  else {
    Serial.println("Sending error");
  }
}

void handleRoot(AsyncWebServerRequest *request) 
{
  request->send_P(200, "text/html", htmlHomePage);
}

void handleNotFound(AsyncWebServerRequest *request) 
{
    request->send(404, "text/plain", "File Not Found");
}

void onButtonsWebSocketEvent(AsyncWebSocket *server, 
                      AsyncWebSocketClient *client, 
                      AwsEventType type,
                      void *arg, 
                      uint8_t *data, 
                      size_t len) 
{                      
  switch (type) 
  {
    case WS_EVT_CONNECT:
      Serial.printf("WebSocket client #%u connected from %s\n", client->id(), client->remoteIP().toString().c_str());
      break;
    case WS_EVT_DISCONNECT:
      Serial.printf("WebSocket client #%u disconnected\n", client->id());
      sendToWROOM(5);
      ledcWrite(PWMLightChannel, 0);  
      break;
    case WS_EVT_DATA:
      AwsFrameInfo *info;
      info = (AwsFrameInfo*)arg;
      if (info->final && info->index == 0 && info->len == len && info->opcode == WS_TEXT) 
      {
        std::string myData = "";
        myData.assign((char *)data, len);
        std::istringstream ss(myData);
        std::string key, value;
        std::getline(ss, key, ',');
        std::getline(ss, value, ',');
        Serial.printf("Key [%s] Value[%s]\n", key.c_str(), value.c_str()); 
        int valueInt = atoi(value.c_str()); \
        if (key == "walkDirection");{
          sendToWROOM(valueInt);    
        }
        if (key == "Light")
        {
          ledcWrite(PWMLightChannel, valueInt);         
        }     
      }
      break;
    case WS_EVT_PONG:
    case WS_EVT_ERROR:
      break;
    default:
      break;  
  }
}

void onCameraWebSocketEvent(AsyncWebSocket *server, 
                      AsyncWebSocketClient *client, 
                      AwsEventType type,
                      void *arg, 
                      uint8_t *data, 
                      size_t len) 
{                      
  switch (type) 
  {
    case WS_EVT_CONNECT:
      Serial.printf("WebSocket client #%u connected from %s\n", client->id(), client->remoteIP().toString().c_str());
      cameraClientId = client->id();
      break;
    case WS_EVT_DISCONNECT:
      Serial.printf("WebSocket client #%u disconnected\n", client->id());
      cameraClientId = 0;
      break;
    case WS_EVT_DATA:
      break;
    case WS_EVT_PONG:
    case WS_EVT_ERROR:
      break;
    default:
      break;  
  }
}

void setupCamera()
{
  camera_config_t config;
  config.ledc_channel = LEDC_CHANNEL_0;
  config.ledc_timer = LEDC_TIMER_0;
  config.pin_d0 = Y2_GPIO_NUM;
  config.pin_d1 = Y3_GPIO_NUM;
  config.pin_d2 = Y4_GPIO_NUM;
  config.pin_d3 = Y5_GPIO_NUM;
  config.pin_d4 = Y6_GPIO_NUM;
  config.pin_d5 = Y7_GPIO_NUM;
  config.pin_d6 = Y8_GPIO_NUM;
  config.pin_d7 = Y9_GPIO_NUM;
  config.pin_xclk = XCLK_GPIO_NUM;
  config.pin_pclk = PCLK_GPIO_NUM;
  config.pin_vsync = VSYNC_GPIO_NUM;
  config.pin_href = HREF_GPIO_NUM;
  config.pin_sscb_sda = SIOD_GPIO_NUM;
  config.pin_sscb_scl = SIOC_GPIO_NUM;
  config.pin_pwdn = PWDN_GPIO_NUM;
  config.pin_reset = RESET_GPIO_NUM;
  config.xclk_freq_hz = 20000000;
  config.pixel_format = PIXFORMAT_JPEG;
  
  config.frame_size = FRAMESIZE_VGA;
  config.jpeg_quality = 10;
  config.fb_count = 1;

  // camera init
  esp_err_t err = esp_camera_init(&config);
  if (err != ESP_OK) 
  {
    Serial.printf("Camera init failed with error 0x%x", err);
    return;
  }  

  if (psramFound())
  {
    heap_caps_malloc_extmem_enable(20000);  
    Serial.printf("PSRAM initialized. malloc to take memory from psram above this size");    
  }  
}

void sendCameraPicture()
{
  if (cameraClientId == 0)
  {
    return;
  }
  unsigned long  startTime1 = millis();
  //capture a frame
  camera_fb_t * fb = esp_camera_fb_get();
  if (!fb) 
  {
      Serial.println("Frame buffer could not be acquired");
      return;
  }

  unsigned long  startTime2 = millis();
  wsCamera.binary(cameraClientId, fb->buf, fb->len);
  esp_camera_fb_return(fb);
    
  //Wait for message to be delivered
  while (true)
  {
    AsyncWebSocketClient * clientPointer = wsCamera.client(cameraClientId);
    if (!clientPointer || !(clientPointer->queueIsFull()))
    {
      break;
    }
    delay(1);
  }
  
  unsigned long  startTime3 = millis();  
}

void setUpPinModes()
{
  //Set up PWM
  ledcAttach(PWMLightChannel, PWMFreq, PWMResolution);
  pinMode(LIGHT_PIN, OUTPUT);    
}


void setup(){
  setUpPinModes();
  Serial.begin(115200);
  if (esp_now_init() != ESP_OK) {
    Serial.println("Error initializing ESP-NOW");
    return;
  }
  // Once ESPNow is successfully Init, we will register for Send CB to
  // get the status of Trasnmitted packet
  esp_now_register_send_cb(OnDataSent);
  
  // Register peer
  memcpy(peerInfo.peer_addr, broadcastAddress, 6);
  peerInfo.channel = 0;  
  peerInfo.encrypt = false;
  
  // Add peer        
  if (esp_now_add_peer(&peerInfo) != ESP_OK){
    Serial.println("Failed to add peer");
    return;
  }

  WiFi.softAP(ssid, password);
  IPAddress IP = WiFi.softAPIP();
  Serial.print("AP IP address: ");
  Serial.println(IP);

  server.on("/", HTTP_GET, handleRoot);
  server.onNotFound(handleNotFound);
      
  wsCamera.onEvent(onCameraWebSocketEvent);
  server.addHandler(&wsCamera);
 
  wsButtons.onEvent(onButtonsWebSocketEvent);
  server.addHandler(&wsButtons);

  server.begin();
  Serial.println("HTTP server started");

  setupCamera();
}


void loop() 
{
  wsCamera.cleanupClients(); 
  wsButtons.cleanupClients(); 
  sendCameraPicture(); 
}
2

Possibly the power supply is inadequate.

Try loading and running a simple blink LED program.

3

If that is all that is in the error log then your setup code didn't start. The first thing I would do is to shorten the password to something more reasonable like 16 or 32, I think there is a possibility you have walked on memory.

4

I tried with my two 9v batteries, and it is still going thru rebooting hell

5

That isn't my actual password. My actual password is less than 12 characters. The password is a joke because I always forget to censor the wifi username and password, even thou no one could hack into it because it only works when the robot is on and in close proximity.

6

The ESP32-CAM runs on 5V or 3.3V, not 9V.

I found this tutorial to be helpful in getting started, a few years ago, but the 5V or 3.3V power supply should be capable of providing at least 300 mA.

7

Have you tried the sample sketch?

8

Sorry, for clarification, the two 9Vs are for the robot as a whole, so theypower the ESP32-CAM, the ESP32-WROOM, and all the servo motors. They devices work with this power supply

9

It works with my other sketches

10

What converts the "9V" into 5V or 3.3V for the ESP32?

What IS the "9V" supply? Surely not these smoke alarm batteries:

pp3-9v-battery
pp3-9v-battery1080×1080 23.7 KB

11

Where did you get the sketch?

12

Have a look at the ledc... section.
https://docs.espressif.com/projects/arduino-esp32/en/latest/migration_guides/2.x_to_3.0.html
Try rolling the board entry for 'esp32 by Espressif Systems' back to 2.0.17

13

You are a godsend! This not only solved the reboooting error, but a more bigger problem of the code from the last prototype not working. This was a rewrite to try to fix it, but it works now, so I don't need the rewrite.