Matching the sketch file to the JSON output list you show above and you do seem to be getting door state in Setup when getShadow() is called...
Requesting Shadow [$aws/things/chicken-door/shadow/name/door/get]: {"state":{"reported":{"value":"closed"}}}
But I cannot figure out where this (the bold bit) is coming from, it cannot be messageReceived() as this would start with Received [ if it did.
EDIT:
I still don't know where it arrives in the sketch but this outlines what and where the response is comming from for the /get.