ESP32-WROOM-32 BLE LED connection indicator

Hello, I have a little problem. I have no idea about programming, but I would like to improve the project I am using. The project concerns the control of a 4-channel switch connected to the fan via a heart rate monitor. Everything works great, with one exception. I have no information whether the connection to HRM has been initiated. As far as I know, my board has a built-in LED. I would like the built-in LED to turn on when I connect to the BLE heart rate monitor (there are two built-in LEDs on the board, one is normally on and indicates power, the other is off).

Unfortunately, I have no idea how to write such code. Please help. Thank you in advance.

Below I have attached the code that controls the device.

/**
 * A modified BLE client that will read BLE HRM 
 * and control a relay
 * author Andrew Grabbs
 */
 
#include "BLEDevice.h"
//#include "BLEScan.h"
 
// Set to true to define Relay as Normally Open (NO)
#define RELAY_NO true
 
// Set number of relays
#define NUM_RELAYS 3
 
// Heart Rate Zones
#define ZONE_1 155 // 136 bpm
#define ZONE_2 169 // 155 bpm
#define ZONE_3 199 // 169 bpm

// Assign each GPIO to a relay
uint8_t relayGPIOs[NUM_RELAYS] = {25, 26, 27};
 
// The remote service we wish to connect to.
static BLEUUID serviceUUID("0000180d-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb");
// The characteristic of the remote service we are interested in.
static BLEUUID charUUID(BLEUUID((uint16_t)0x2A37));
//0x2A37
 
static boolean doConnect = false;
static boolean connected = false;
static boolean notification = false;
static boolean doScan = false;
static BLERemoteCharacteristic* pRemoteCharacteristic;
static BLEAdvertisedDevice* myDevice;
 
static void notifyCallback(
  BLERemoteCharacteristic* pBLERemoteCharacteristic,
  uint8_t* pData,
  size_t length,
  bool isNotify) {
    Serial.print("Heart Rate: ");
    Serial.print(pData[1], DEC);
    Serial.println("bpm");
    if(pData[1] <= 135) {
      for(int i=1; i<=NUM_RELAYS; i++){
        digitalWrite(relayGPIOs[i-1], HIGH);
      }
    }
    else if(pData[1] <= ZONE_1 && pData[1] > 136) {
      Serial.println("ZONE 1!");
      for(int i=1; i<=NUM_RELAYS; i++){
        digitalWrite(relayGPIOs[i-1], HIGH);
      }
      digitalWrite(relayGPIOs[0], LOW);
    }
    else if(pData[1] > ZONE_1 && pData[1] <= ZONE_2) {
      Serial.println("ZONE 2!");
      for(int i=1; i<=NUM_RELAYS; i++){
        digitalWrite(relayGPIOs[i-1], HIGH);
      }
      digitalWrite(relayGPIOs[1], LOW);
    }
    else if(pData[1] > ZONE_2) {
      Serial.println("ZONE 3!");
      for(int i=1; i<=NUM_RELAYS; i++){
        digitalWrite(relayGPIOs[i-1], HIGH);
      }
      digitalWrite(relayGPIOs[2], LOW);
    }
}
 
class MyClientCallback : public BLEClientCallbacks {
  void onConnect(BLEClient* pclient) {
  }
 
  void onDisconnect(BLEClient* pclient) {
    connected = false;
    Serial.println("onDisconnect");
  }
};
 
bool connectToServer() {
    Serial.print("Forming a connection to ");
    Serial.println(myDevice->getAddress().toString().c_str());
     
    BLEClient*  pClient  = BLEDevice::createClient();
    Serial.println(" - Created client");
 
    pClient->setClientCallbacks(new MyClientCallback());
 
    // Connect to the remove BLE Server.
    pClient->connect(myDevice);  // if you pass BLEAdvertisedDevice instead of address, it will be recognized type of peer device address (public or private)
    Serial.println(" - Connected to server");
 
    // Obtain a reference to the service we are after in the remote BLE server.
    BLERemoteService* pRemoteService = pClient->getService(serviceUUID);
    if (pRemoteService == nullptr) {
      Serial.print("Failed to find our service UUID: ");
      Serial.println(serviceUUID.toString().c_str());
      pClient->disconnect();
      return false;
    }
    Serial.println(" - Found our service");
 
 
    // Obtain a reference to the characteristic in the service of the remote BLE server.
    pRemoteCharacteristic = pRemoteService->getCharacteristic(charUUID);
    if (pRemoteCharacteristic == nullptr) {
      Serial.print("Failed to find our characteristic UUID: ");
      Serial.println(charUUID.toString().c_str());
      pClient->disconnect();
      return false;
    }
    Serial.println(" - Found our characteristic");
 
    // Read the value of the characteristic.
    if(pRemoteCharacteristic->canRead()) {
      std::string value = pRemoteCharacteristic->readValue();
      Serial.print("The characteristic value was: ");
      Serial.println(value.c_str());
    }
 
    if(pRemoteCharacteristic->canNotify())
      pRemoteCharacteristic->registerForNotify(notifyCallback);
 
    connected = true;
    return true;
}
/**
 * Scan for BLE servers and find the first one that advertises the service we are looking for.
 */
class MyAdvertisedDeviceCallbacks: public BLEAdvertisedDeviceCallbacks {
 /**
   * Called for each advertising BLE server.
   */
  void onResult(BLEAdvertisedDevice advertisedDevice) {
    Serial.print("BLE Advertised Device found: ");
    Serial.println(advertisedDevice.toString().c_str());
 
    // We have found a device, let us now see if it contains the service we are looking for.
    if (advertisedDevice.haveServiceUUID() && advertisedDevice.isAdvertisingService(serviceUUID)) {
 
      BLEDevice::getScan()->stop();
      myDevice = new BLEAdvertisedDevice(advertisedDevice);
      doConnect = true;
      doScan = true;
 
    } // Found our server
  } // onResult
}; // MyAdvertisedDeviceCallbacks
 
 
void setup() {
  Serial.begin(115200);
  Serial.println("Starting Arduino BLE Client application...");
  BLEDevice::init("");
  // Set all relays to off when the program starts - if set to Normally Open (NO), the relay is off when you set the relay to HIGH
  for(int i=1; i<=NUM_RELAYS; i++){
    pinMode(relayGPIOs[i-1], OUTPUT);
    if(RELAY_NO){
      digitalWrite(relayGPIOs[i-1], HIGH);
    }
    else{
      digitalWrite(relayGPIOs[i-1], LOW);
    }
  }
 
  // Retrieve a Scanner and set the callback we want to use to be informed when we
  // have detected a new device.  Specify that we want active scanning and start the
  // scan to run for 5 seconds.
  BLEScan* pBLEScan = BLEDevice::getScan();
  pBLEScan->setAdvertisedDeviceCallbacks(new MyAdvertisedDeviceCallbacks());
  pBLEScan->setInterval(1349);
  pBLEScan->setWindow(449);
  pBLEScan->setActiveScan(true);
  pBLEScan->start(5, false);
} // End of setup.
 
 
// This is the Arduino main loop function.
void loop() {
  // If the flag "doConnect" is true then we have scanned for and found the desired
  // BLE Server with which we wish to connect.  Now we connect to it.  Once we are 
  // connected we set the connected flag to be true.
  if (doConnect == true) {
    if (connectToServer()) {
      Serial.println("We are now connected to the BLE Server.");
    } else {
      Serial.println("We have failed to connect to the server; there is nothin more we will do.");
    }
    doConnect = false;
  }
 
  // If we are connected to a peer BLE Server, update the characteristic each time we are reached
  // with the current time since boot.
  if (connected) {
    if (notification == false) {
        Serial.println("Turning Notification On");
        const uint8_t onPacket[] = {0x01, 0x0};
        pRemoteCharacteristic->getDescriptor(BLEUUID((uint16_t)0x2902))->writeValue((uint8_t*)onPacket, 2, true);
        notification = true;
    }
  }else if(doScan){
    BLEDevice::getScan()->start(0);  // this is just eample to start scan after disconnect, most likely there is better way to do it in arduino
  }
   
  delay(1000); // Delay a second between loops.
} // End of loop

Any ideas??

First, in setup, enable the LED_BUILTIN pin as an output and set it low (off):

pinMode(LED_BUILTIN, OUTPUT);
digitalWrite(LED_BUILTIN, LOW);

Next, in the onConnect method of MyClientCallback, set LED_BUILTIN high):

void onConnect(BLEClient* pclient) {
    digitalWrite(LED_BUILTIN, HIGH);
  }

Could you be so kind as to paste this into my code? I have no idea how to place this. Thank you.

/**
 * A modified BLE client that will read BLE HRM
 * and control a relay
 * author Andrew Grabbs
 */

#include "BLEDevice.h"
//#include "BLEScan.h"

// Set to true to define Relay as Normally Open (NO)
#define RELAY_NO true

// Set number of relays
#define NUM_RELAYS 3

// Heart Rate Zones
#define ZONE_1 155 // 136 bpm
#define ZONE_2 169 // 155 bpm
#define ZONE_3 199 // 169 bpm

// Assign each GPIO to a relay
uint8_t relayGPIOs[NUM_RELAYS] = {25, 26, 27};

// The remote service we wish to connect to.
static BLEUUID serviceUUID("0000180d-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb");
// The characteristic of the remote service we are interested in.
static BLEUUID charUUID(BLEUUID((uint16_t)0x2A37));
//0x2A37

static boolean doConnect = false;
static boolean connected = false;
static boolean notification = false;
static boolean doScan = false;
static BLERemoteCharacteristic* pRemoteCharacteristic;
static BLEAdvertisedDevice* myDevice;

static void notifyCallback(
  BLERemoteCharacteristic* pBLERemoteCharacteristic,
  uint8_t* pData,
  size_t length,
  bool isNotify) {
    Serial.print("Heart Rate: ");
    Serial.print(pData[1], DEC);
    Serial.println("bpm");
    if(pData[1] <= 135) {
      for(int i=1; i<=NUM_RELAYS; i++){
        digitalWrite(relayGPIOs[i-1], HIGH);
      }
    }
    else if(pData[1] <= ZONE_1 && pData[1] > 136) {
      Serial.println("ZONE 1!");
      for(int i=1; i<=NUM_RELAYS; i++){
        digitalWrite(relayGPIOs[i-1], HIGH);
      }
      digitalWrite(relayGPIOs[0], LOW);
    }
    else if(pData[1] > ZONE_1 && pData[1] <= ZONE_2) {
      Serial.println("ZONE 2!");
      for(int i=1; i<=NUM_RELAYS; i++){
        digitalWrite(relayGPIOs[i-1], HIGH);
      }
      digitalWrite(relayGPIOs[1], LOW);
    }
    else if(pData[1] > ZONE_2) {
      Serial.println("ZONE 3!");
      for(int i=1; i<=NUM_RELAYS; i++){
        digitalWrite(relayGPIOs[i-1], HIGH);
      }
      digitalWrite(relayGPIOs[2], LOW);
    }
}

class MyClientCallback : public BLEClientCallbacks {
  void onConnect(BLEClient* pclient) {
      digitalWrite(LED_BUILTIN, HIGH);
  }

  void onDisconnect(BLEClient* pclient) {
    connected = false;
    Serial.println("onDisconnect");
  }
};

bool connectToServer() {
    Serial.print("Forming a connection to ");
    Serial.println(myDevice->getAddress().toString().c_str());

    BLEClient*  pClient  = BLEDevice::createClient();
    Serial.println(" - Created client");

    pClient->setClientCallbacks(new MyClientCallback());

    // Connect to the remove BLE Server.
    pClient->connect(myDevice);  // if you pass BLEAdvertisedDevice instead of address, it will be recognized type of peer device address (public or private)
    Serial.println(" - Connected to server");

    // Obtain a reference to the service we are after in the remote BLE server.
    BLERemoteService* pRemoteService = pClient->getService(serviceUUID);
    if (pRemoteService == nullptr) {
      Serial.print("Failed to find our service UUID: ");
      Serial.println(serviceUUID.toString().c_str());
      pClient->disconnect();
      return false;
    }
    Serial.println(" - Found our service");


    // Obtain a reference to the characteristic in the service of the remote BLE server.
    pRemoteCharacteristic = pRemoteService->getCharacteristic(charUUID);
    if (pRemoteCharacteristic == nullptr) {
      Serial.print("Failed to find our characteristic UUID: ");
      Serial.println(charUUID.toString().c_str());
      pClient->disconnect();
      return false;
    }
    Serial.println(" - Found our characteristic");

    // Read the value of the characteristic.
    if(pRemoteCharacteristic->canRead()) {
      std::string value = pRemoteCharacteristic->readValue();
      Serial.print("The characteristic value was: ");
      Serial.println(value.c_str());
    }

    if(pRemoteCharacteristic->canNotify())
      pRemoteCharacteristic->registerForNotify(notifyCallback);

    connected = true;
    return true;
}
/**
 * Scan for BLE servers and find the first one that advertises the service we are looking for.
 */
class MyAdvertisedDeviceCallbacks: public BLEAdvertisedDeviceCallbacks {
 /**
   * Called for each advertising BLE server.
   */
  void onResult(BLEAdvertisedDevice advertisedDevice) {
    Serial.print("BLE Advertised Device found: ");
    Serial.println(advertisedDevice.toString().c_str());

    // We have found a device, let us now see if it contains the service we are looking for.
    if (advertisedDevice.haveServiceUUID() && advertisedDevice.isAdvertisingService(serviceUUID)) {

      BLEDevice::getScan()->stop();
      myDevice = new BLEAdvertisedDevice(advertisedDevice);
      doConnect = true;
      doScan = true;

    } // Found our server
  } // onResult
}; // MyAdvertisedDeviceCallbacks


void setup() {
  Serial.begin(115200);
  Serial.println("Starting Arduino BLE Client application...");
  pinMode(LED_BUILTIN, OUTPUT);
  digitalWrite(LED_BUILTIN, LOW);
  BLEDevice::init("");
  // Set all relays to off when the program starts - if set to Normally Open (NO), the relay is off when you set the relay to HIGH
  for(int i=1; i<=NUM_RELAYS; i++){
    pinMode(relayGPIOs[i-1], OUTPUT);
    if(RELAY_NO){
      digitalWrite(relayGPIOs[i-1], HIGH);
    }
    else{
      digitalWrite(relayGPIOs[i-1], LOW);
    }
  }

  // Retrieve a Scanner and set the callback we want to use to be informed when we
  // have detected a new device.  Specify that we want active scanning and start the
  // scan to run for 5 seconds.
  BLEScan* pBLEScan = BLEDevice::getScan();
  pBLEScan->setAdvertisedDeviceCallbacks(new MyAdvertisedDeviceCallbacks());
  pBLEScan->setInterval(1349);
  pBLEScan->setWindow(449);
  pBLEScan->setActiveScan(true);
  pBLEScan->start(5, false);
} // End of setup.


// This is the Arduino main loop function.
void loop() {
  // If the flag "doConnect" is true then we have scanned for and found the desired
  // BLE Server with which we wish to connect.  Now we connect to it.  Once we are
  // connected we set the connected flag to be true.
  if (doConnect == true) {
    if (connectToServer()) {
      Serial.println("We are now connected to the BLE Server.");
    } else {
      Serial.println("We have failed to connect to the server; there is nothin more we will do.");
    }
    doConnect = false;
  }

  // If we are connected to a peer BLE Server, update the characteristic each time we are reached
  // with the current time since boot.
  if (connected) {
    if (notification == false) {
        Serial.println("Turning Notification On");
        const uint8_t onPacket[] = {0x01, 0x0};
        pRemoteCharacteristic->getDescriptor(BLEUUID((uint16_t)0x2902))->writeValue((uint8_t*)onPacket, 2, true);
        notification = true;
    }
  }else if(doScan){
    BLEDevice::getScan()->start(0);  // this is just eample to start scan after disconnect, most likely there is better way to do it in arduino
  }

  delay(1000); // Delay a second between loops.
} // End of loop

Thank you. The compiler showed me errors. But your previous post was a great tip. I modified the code a bit (based on ESP32 LED Blink Example | Circuits4you.com) and...... IT WORKS.

/**
 * A modified BLE client that will read BLE HRM 
 * and control a relay
 * author Andrew Grabbs
 */
 
#include "BLEDevice.h"
//#include "BLEScan.h"

#define LED 2

// Set to true to define Relay as Normally Open (NO)
#define RELAY_NO true
 
// Set number of relays
#define NUM_RELAYS 3
 
// Heart Rate Zones
#define ZONE_1 155 // 136 bpm
#define ZONE_2 169 // 155 bpm
#define ZONE_3 199 // 169 bpm

// Assign each GPIO to a relay
uint8_t relayGPIOs[NUM_RELAYS] = {25, 26, 27};
 
// The remote service we wish to connect to.
static BLEUUID serviceUUID("0000180d-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb");
// The characteristic of the remote service we are interested in.
static BLEUUID charUUID(BLEUUID((uint16_t)0x2A37));
//0x2A37
 
static boolean doConnect = false;
static boolean connected = false;
static boolean notification = false;
static boolean doScan = false;
static BLERemoteCharacteristic* pRemoteCharacteristic;
static BLEAdvertisedDevice* myDevice;
 
static void notifyCallback(
  BLERemoteCharacteristic* pBLERemoteCharacteristic,
  uint8_t* pData,
  size_t length,
  bool isNotify) {
    Serial.print("Heart Rate: ");
    Serial.print(pData[1], DEC);
    Serial.println("bpm");
    if(pData[1] <= 135) {
      for(int i=1; i<=NUM_RELAYS; i++){
        digitalWrite(relayGPIOs[i-1], HIGH);
      }
    }
    else if(pData[1] <= ZONE_1 && pData[1] > 136) {
      Serial.println("ZONE 1!");
      for(int i=1; i<=NUM_RELAYS; i++){
        digitalWrite(relayGPIOs[i-1], HIGH);
      }
      digitalWrite(relayGPIOs[0], LOW);
    }
    else if(pData[1] > ZONE_1 && pData[1] <= ZONE_2) {
      Serial.println("ZONE 2!");
      for(int i=1; i<=NUM_RELAYS; i++){
        digitalWrite(relayGPIOs[i-1], HIGH);
      }
      digitalWrite(relayGPIOs[1], LOW);
    }
    else if(pData[1] > ZONE_2) {
      Serial.println("ZONE 3!");
      for(int i=1; i<=NUM_RELAYS; i++){
        digitalWrite(relayGPIOs[i-1], HIGH);
      }
      digitalWrite(relayGPIOs[2], LOW);
    }
}
 
class MyClientCallback : public BLEClientCallbacks {
  void onConnect(BLEClient* pclient) {
    digitalWrite(LED, HIGH);
  }
 
  void onDisconnect(BLEClient* pclient) {
    connected = false;
    Serial.println("onDisconnect");
  }
};
 
bool connectToServer() {
    Serial.print("Forming a connection to ");
    Serial.println(myDevice->getAddress().toString().c_str());
     
    BLEClient*  pClient  = BLEDevice::createClient();
    Serial.println(" - Created client");
 
    pClient->setClientCallbacks(new MyClientCallback());
 
    // Connect to the remove BLE Server.
    pClient->connect(myDevice);  // if you pass BLEAdvertisedDevice instead of address, it will be recognized type of peer device address (public or private)
    Serial.println(" - Connected to server");
 
    // Obtain a reference to the service we are after in the remote BLE server.
    BLERemoteService* pRemoteService = pClient->getService(serviceUUID);
    if (pRemoteService == nullptr) {
      Serial.print("Failed to find our service UUID: ");
      Serial.println(serviceUUID.toString().c_str());
      pClient->disconnect();
      return false;
    }
    Serial.println(" - Found our service");
 
 
    // Obtain a reference to the characteristic in the service of the remote BLE server.
    pRemoteCharacteristic = pRemoteService->getCharacteristic(charUUID);
    if (pRemoteCharacteristic == nullptr) {
      Serial.print("Failed to find our characteristic UUID: ");
      Serial.println(charUUID.toString().c_str());
      pClient->disconnect();
      return false;
    }
    Serial.println(" - Found our characteristic");
 
    // Read the value of the characteristic.
    if(pRemoteCharacteristic->canRead()) {
      std::string value = pRemoteCharacteristic->readValue();
      Serial.print("The characteristic value was: ");
      Serial.println(value.c_str());
    }
 
    if(pRemoteCharacteristic->canNotify())
      pRemoteCharacteristic->registerForNotify(notifyCallback);
 
    connected = true;
    return true;
}
/**
 * Scan for BLE servers and find the first one that advertises the service we are looking for.
 */
class MyAdvertisedDeviceCallbacks: public BLEAdvertisedDeviceCallbacks {
 /**
   * Called for each advertising BLE server.
   */
  void onResult(BLEAdvertisedDevice advertisedDevice) {
    Serial.print("BLE Advertised Device found: ");
    Serial.println(advertisedDevice.toString().c_str());
 
    // We have found a device, let us now see if it contains the service we are looking for.
    if (advertisedDevice.haveServiceUUID() && advertisedDevice.isAdvertisingService(serviceUUID)) {
 
      BLEDevice::getScan()->stop();
      myDevice = new BLEAdvertisedDevice(advertisedDevice);
      doConnect = true;
      doScan = true;
 
    } // Found our server
  } // onResult
}; // MyAdvertisedDeviceCallbacks
 
 
void setup() {
  Serial.begin(115200);
  Serial.println("Starting Arduino BLE Client application...");
  // Set pin mode
  pinMode(LED,OUTPUT);
  BLEDevice::init("");
  // Set all relays to off when the program starts - if set to Normally Open (NO), the relay is off when you set the relay to HIGH
  for(int i=1; i<=NUM_RELAYS; i++){
    pinMode(relayGPIOs[i-1], OUTPUT);
    if(RELAY_NO){
      digitalWrite(relayGPIOs[i-1], HIGH);
    }
    else{
      digitalWrite(relayGPIOs[i-1], LOW);
    }
  }
 
  // Retrieve a Scanner and set the callback we want to use to be informed when we
  // have detected a new device.  Specify that we want active scanning and start the
  // scan to run for 5 seconds.
  BLEScan* pBLEScan = BLEDevice::getScan();
  pBLEScan->setAdvertisedDeviceCallbacks(new MyAdvertisedDeviceCallbacks());
  pBLEScan->setInterval(1349);
  pBLEScan->setWindow(449);
  pBLEScan->setActiveScan(true);
  pBLEScan->start(5, false);
} // End of setup.
 
 
// This is the Arduino main loop function.
void loop() {
  // If the flag "doConnect" is true then we have scanned for and found the desired
  // BLE Server with which we wish to connect.  Now we connect to it.  Once we are 
  // connected we set the connected flag to be true.
  if (doConnect == true) {
    if (connectToServer()) {
      Serial.println("We are now connected to the BLE Server.");
    } else {
      Serial.println("We have failed to connect to the server; there is nothin more we will do.");
    }
    doConnect = false;
  }
 
  // If we are connected to a peer BLE Server, update the characteristic each time we are reached
  // with the current time since boot.
  if (connected) {
    if (notification == false) {
        Serial.println("Turning Notification On");
        const uint8_t onPacket[] = {0x01, 0x0};
        pRemoteCharacteristic->getDescriptor(BLEUUID((uint16_t)0x2902))->writeValue((uint8_t*)onPacket, 2, true);
        notification = true;
    }
  }else if(doScan){
    BLEDevice::getScan()->start(0);  // this is just eample to start scan after disconnect, most likely there is better way to do it in arduino
  }
   
  delay(1000); // Delay a second between loops.
} // End of loop

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