Ethernet sheild stops connecting after an extended period

      if (inChar == '\n') {
        previousTweet == tweet;

No. An equality operator is NOT what you want to use. You can't assign (=) a char array this way, either. You need strcpy().

At some point, you need to set index and tweetIndex back to 0, and put the NULL in position 0 in each array.

You also need to stop posting snippets. How are we supposed to know how previousTweet, tweet, currentLine, currentIndex, and tweetIndex are defined?