Exit status 1Exit Status 1 on Nano and most recent ide

Development Tools Uploading
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I guess I'll have to assume you followed my instructions about removing any external circuitry even though you didn't make the effort to address that part of my reply.

Given the information gathered so far, I am left with only two possible causes for the upload failure:

  • The bootloader was somehow missing or corrupted.
  • There is physical damage to the microcontroller or its support circuitry.

If the cause is a missing bootloader, the board might be recoverable by a "Burn Bootloader" operation.

I have to warn you there is no guarantee that this somewhat complex procedure which requires additional hardware will recover your board. But if you have the necessary hardware and are up for a challenge and an interesting project then I think it is worth a try.

Prepare ISP programmer

You will need an ISP programmer. If you don't have a programmer, you can use a spare Arduino board as an "Arduino as ISP" programmer.

Arduino as ISP

The following instructions are for using an Arduino board as an "Arduino as ISP" programmer. If you have a dedicated programmer, you can skip to the next set of instructions.

Although the "Arduino as ISP" only works for programming targets of the AVR architecture, you can also use boards of a variety of architectures (e.g., "AVR", "SAMD", "megaAVR") as an "Arduino as ISP" programmer.

ⓘ In the instructions below, the board used as an "Arduino as ISP" is referred to as the "programmer board". The board the bootloader is being burned on is referred to as the "target board".

  1. Disconnect the USB cable of the Arduino boards from your computer.

  2. Make the following connections between the "programmer board" and the "target board".
    ⓘ Refer to the "Connections" table on the SPI library reference page to determine the pin numbers.

    Programmer Target
    CIPO (AKA "MISO") CIPO
    VCC 5V (VCC on 3.3 V boards)
    SCK SCK
    COPI (AKA "MOSI") COPI
    10 RESET
    GND GND

  3. Connect the "programmer board" to your computer with a USB cable.

  4. Select File > Examples > 11.ArduinoISP > ArduinoISP from the Arduino IDE menus.
    The "ArduinoISP" sketch will open in Arduino IDE.

  5. Select your "programmer board" from Arduino IDE's Tools > Board menu.

  6. Select the port of your "programmer board" from Arduino IDE's Tools > Port menu.

  7. Select Sketch > Upload from the Arduino IDE menus.

  8. Wait for the upload to finish.

You are now ready to burn the bootloader using your "Arduino as ISP" programmer.

Burn Bootloader

Instructions for burning the bootloader:

ⓘ It is not possible to do this via Arduino Cloud Editor. You will need to use Arduino IDE or Arduino CLI.

  1. Connect an ISP programmer to your Arduino board.
    If you are using an "Arduino as ISP", then you have already connected it according to the previous instructions.
  2. Select the target board from the Tools > Board menu and any other custom Tools menus (e.g., Tools > Processor).
  3. Select the appropriate programmer from the Tools > Programmer menu.
  4. Tools > Burn Bootloader
  5. Wait for the process to finish successfully.
  6. Disconnect the USB cable of the programmer from your computer.
  7. Disconnect the programmer from the "target board".

Now connect the "target board" to your computer with a USB cable, select its port from the Tools > Port menu, and try uploading a sketch as usual.

Conclusion

Now connect the "target board" to your computer with a USB cable and try uploading again. Does the upload succeed now?