Failed code or compiling of code in Arduino Ide

Hi at @zjnmbyn24

welcome to the arduino-forum
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the most obvious errors in your code are

void setup()
{
  pinMode(yellow_LED_PIN, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(smoke_detector, INPUT);
} // closing curly brace


// which means 
Serial.begin(9600); // <== this line is OUTSIDE of function setup()
} // <<<<<<< this closing curly brace has no 
// corresponding opening curly brace

void loop() {
  int sensor_read = analogRead(smoke_detector);

  Serial.print("Smoke Density: ");
  Serial.println(sensor_read);

  if (sensor_read > safety_lim)
    //
    { // <===== opening curly brace
    analogWrite(yellow_LED_PIN, 0);
    { // <== opening curly brace

    } // <== corresponding closing curly brace

// <===== closing curly brace is missing
// but the corresponding closing curly braces are missing
// at least in the lines of code that you have posted

best regards Stefan