There probably is, but the processing time to generate the new frame is negligible compared to time to transmit the bytes to the strip.
for ESP's mainly, to be fair, if the processing and transmission time really becomes an issue, so will memory space, and you will anyway need a different board.
To answer the question. The best would be to get FastLED read the data from a ring buffer when transmitting, but this will require a modification of the library.
If you just want the pattern to move faster you can make it skip steps, the changes are anyway faster than the eye can see. I always just re-create the pattern that i want to see, depending on the time that has passed, and not worry about skipping steps. As long as the refresh rate is higher than about 40Hz, (60Hz is better of course) you will see something that is smooth.