I have a few questions about SAM arm microcontrolles.
Does arduino supports every SAM mcu that Microchip offers?
Does SAM mcu come with bootloader so I can upload code via uart(if I buy ic and mount it to custom board)?
What would be cheap programmer that would support these devices?
You can get the Segger JLINK EDU mini for hobby stuff. I think I got mine for $25 from Mouser
This would allow you to program/debug just about any ARM CORTEX M0 to M4 MCUs without the need for a bootloader (you can program the bootloader yourself)
Most bare chips from the manufacturer doesn't come with a bootloader, but I think you can pay them extra to load one for you if you order 10K units or more.
For reasons that I have yet to discover I have bricked my Nano 33 IOT board (SAM21 processor) a few times recently and have reloaded the bootloader using an ESP32 as the programmer
No. Even with third-party cores, there are some missing (there are a LOT of "SAM" processors!)
some do (for example, the SAM3X8 used on Due), and some don't (like the SAMD21 used on Zero.)
MPLAB SNAP from Microchip, for most of the newer chips. In addition to the other alternatives. (SNAP goes on sale relatively often at half off...)
SWD, the program/debug interface used on most newer SAMs, is theoretically standardized at both the communications level and at the host-side API level, so "in theory" any SWD debugger will work with any chip. "In Practice", it seems painful to get one vendor's chips to work with another vendor's IDE
(For example, SWD doesn't support "programming" per se. It supports debug access to whatever (vendor-specific) NV memory controller is present in the chip, and you typically need chip-specific code to actually program flash.)