How can I tell which firmware the board is running?
The firmware on the MKR GSM 1400's u-blox SARA-U201 GSM modem is controlled by serial AT commands. You can see the full list of available commands in the "u-blox Cellular Modules AT Commands Manual" PDF available for download here:
One of the AT commants is AT+GMR, which returns the version of the firmware running on the u-blox SARA-U201 GSM modem.
The MKRGSM library comes with a SerialGSMPassthrough sketch that allows you to sent AT commands to the modem via the Arduino IDE's Serial Monitor.
So to find the firmware version, you can do this:
(in the Arduino IDE) File > Examples > MKRGSM > Tools > SerialGSMPassthrough
Upload the SerialGSMPassthrough sketch to your MKR GSM 1400.
Tools > Serial Monitor
From the line ending menu near the bottom right of Serial Monitor, select "Both NL & CR".
In the input field at the top of Serial Monitor, type AT+GMR
Click the "Send" button.
You should now see something like this printed in the output field of Serial Monitor:
AT+GMR
23.60
OK
In this case, you can see I have firmware version "23.60" installed on my modem.
As for your other questions, I'm afraid I don't have any answers. Perhaps someone else here on the forum will be able to help.