First processing sketch

i ended up thinking that using the Firmata library would be a good option

If you think that turning the arduino into a dumb I/O machine is a good idea then I think you have a lot to learn.

is there a way NOT to create a new file on each time i run the sketch?

Yes, don't create one.

 // Create the output file
  output = createWriter("potValues.txt");

The comment is the clue.

Is it possible to do something like?......

Yes, try opening the file for read, then read to the end and then add stuff.