You are missing a bunch of semicolons. The variable 'value' is not defined.
After fixing all your syntax errors, this displays:
0.00
0.00
0.0
void setup()
{
Serial.begin(115200);
delay(200);
float canValue = 0.0;
Serial.println(canValue); // Working
float dividedCanValue = (float)canValue / 10.0;
Serial.println(dividedCanValue); // Working
String valueStr = String(canValue, 1);
Serial.println(valueStr); // Not working (valueStr is empty)
}
void loop() {}