Hello
is it possible to program an atmega 328p by the c arduino language without the translation of the program into the C language ??
The "arduino language" is C++ - more or less 
The compiler (GCC) "translates" the Arduino/C++ program to machine code.
This machine code is the only "language" the ATmega328p can "understand".
It would be possible to write machine code yourself, so no translation/compilation is needed - but this is "no fun".
An other option would be writing code in Assembler - which is "close to" machine code but more readable by humans. This is possible and also done (for example for very time critical parts of your code) but many people prefer C++ language. (I made assembler programming for some time - and still do if necessary, but prefer C++).
You can use AVR Studio or Atmel Studio with Arduino.
There are several tutorials how to do it - for example this one:
using-atmel-studio-for-arduino-development
Yes, Atmel Studio 7 has the ability to directly import an Arduino sketch. The result will be a C++ project.