Is there an ultrasonic sensor for the Arduino that is fully submersible? Think submarines.
I've tried the waterproof ones
But in the end he tried them underwater and they both fail.
Do you know why they failed? Did water get into the devices and destroy them? What would be the purpose of putting ultrasonic anything in water, other than using to create a device to clean jewelry?
No. It failed because 40khz doesn't penetrate water. It didn't fail because of water ingress. He pulls it out of water and the sensor works again.
Sonar is much lower like 500hz. Is there such a sensor out there?
Sure! Look for "fish finder" and similar devices. See what they use for their transducers.
In the old war movies. Modern, commercial underwater sonar instruments typically operate at 100 kHz to 300 kHz, some at much higher frequencies.
The transducers designed to work in water are very different than those that work in air. They are operated at much high voltages and frequencies, and are much more expensive.
To implement underwater sonar with Arduino, buy a self-contained sonar module that uses RS232 serial to communicate. One example.
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Ultrasonic sensors like the JSN-SR04T don’t work underwater because they are made for air and use the wrong frequency. Underwater sonar uses higher frequencies, around 100 kHz to 300 kHz, and special parts designed for water. For Arduino projects, you can use a ready-made sonar module, like the ones used in fish finders, that can connect easily and work underwater.