Global variables from multiple functions not transferring

I need some clarification as I think i read this somewhere but want to make sure.

The question, can global variables that are called within one function be called by another and pull it's value? I have tested it with a simple voltage query program on A0 by calling 'getcv' that uses a global variable (voltage) that is declared outside of the functions. But when the program returns from the function it does not keep the variables value.

I have verified the voltage variable does get the correct value within the getcv function as 5v, but when it comes back calling only returns a 0 (zero).

Example code:

int voltage;

void setup() {

  // initialize serial communication at 9600 bits per second:
  Serial.begin(9600);
  getcv();
  Serial.println(voltage);
  
}

void getcv(){
   // read the input on analog pin 0:
  int sensorValue = analogRead(A0);
  // Convert the analog reading (which goes from 0 - 1023) to a voltage (0 - 5V):
  float voltage = sensorValue * (5.0 / 1023.0);
  // print out the value you read:
  Serial.println(voltage);
}
int voltage;
float voltage = sensorValue * (5.0 / 1023.0);

These are 2 different variables, each with their own scope

Serial.println(voltage);

When you do this in the getcv() function and in setup() which one will be printed ?

that's a local variable being declared with the same name as the global variable.

Did you try

voltage = sensorValue * (5.0 / 1023.0);`

leaving off the float?

that worked, but of course without the float you get no decimal value. I fixed that by adding float voltage(); as a global variable and removing 'float' from the function.

corrected code:

float voltage;

void setup() {

  // initialize serial communication at 9600 bits per second:
  Serial.begin(9600);
  getcv();
  
  Serial.println(voltage);
  
}

// the loop routine runs over and over again forever:
void loop() {
 
}
void getcv(){
   // read the input on analog pin 0:
  int sensorValue = analogRead(A0);
  // Convert the analog reading (which goes from 0 - 1023) to a voltage (0 - 5V):
  voltage = sensorValue * (5.0 / 1023.0);
  // print out the value you read:
  Serial.println(voltage);
}
1 Like

Overall, it's fairly bad practice to use global variables when it's unnecessary... look into pointers.

Nah. In this case, the righteous thing to do is to return the value from the function.

You should separate the "getting" and the "printing" though... 'getcv' would normally name a function that returns a value. 'printcv' would print it.

float getcv(){
   // read the input on analog pin 0:
  int sensorValue = analogRead(A0);
  // Convert the analog reading (which goes from 0 - 1023) to a voltage (0 - 5V):
  float voltage = sensorValue * (5.0 / 1023.0);
  // print out the value you read:
  return voltage;
}
...
Serial.println(getcv());

I was just using the println for debugging.

With pointers do you declare them within the function?

Then you would:

someFloatVariable = getcv();

Pointers are cool but the suggestion to use them in this situation is misguided. They're simply not needed, and would only complicate things unnecessarily.

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