Gravity Wave Sensor (Ideas for code)

Other Hardware Sensors
1

In April of 1986 published in the Radio-Electronics Magazine, Gregory Hodowanec wrote an article entitled All About Gravitational Waves in the article he asked "Are gravitational waves the source of noise in electronic devices?" The author seemed to believed so, and described a simple circuit to detect these waves. As a scientist I would like to recreate some of his experiments and update the detection circuit using an Arduino. Also, using a Data logger shield and a 16 x 2 LCD display. My question is I need to figure out what kind of code I can create or alter to use with this simple circuit like an input sensor such as a hall effect sensor or photocell sensor. I have the power leads I was thinking an analog pin? Below I have enclosed the schematic and a brief description of how it should work. Any help would be greatly appreciated. Thanks

Monopole gravity waves generate small impulse currents that may be coupled to an op-amp configured as a current-to-voltage converter, as shown in Figure (2). The current-to-voltage converter is a nearly lossless current-measuring device. It gives an output voltage that is proportional to the product of the input current (which can be in the picoampere range) and resistor R1. Linearity is assured because the non-DC-connected capacitor maintains the op-amp's input terminals at virtual ground.
The detector's output may be coupled to a high-impedance digital or analog voltmeter, an audio amplifier, or an oscilloscope. In addition, a chart recorder could be used to record the DC output over a period of time, thus providing a record of long-term "shadow-drift" effects. Resistor R2 and capacitor C2 protect the output of the circuit; their values will depend on what you're driving. To experiment, try a 1k resistor and a 0.1 uF capacitor. The output of the detector (Eo) may appear in two forms, depending on whether or not stabilizing capacitor Cx is connected. When it is, the output will be highly amplified 1/f noise signals.

Without Cx, the circuit becomes a "ringing" circuit with a slowly decaying output that has a resonant frequency of 500-600 Hz for the component values shown. In that configuration, the circuit is a Quantum Non-Demolition (QND) circuit, as astrophysicists call it; it will now actually display the amplitude variations (waveshapes) of the passing gravitational-impulse bursts.
An interesting variation on the detector may be built by increasing the value of sensing capacitor C1 to about 1000-1600 uF. After circuit stability is achieved, the circuit will respond to almost all gravity-wave signals in the universe. By listening carefully to the audio output of the detector you can hear not only normal 1/f noise, but also many "musical" sounds of space, as well as other effects that will not be disclosed here.

fig2.gif

G-wave Detector.jpg

2

I guess the author published it on the 1st of April 1986.

Which pinout should I use 2+ and -3 (diagram), or +3 and -2 (datasheet).
Leo..

3

Earlier this year, it was announced that gravity waves have been detected.

This has cost copious amounts of money and taken many years.

I do not give you much hope in detecting gravity waves at home.

Weedpharma

4

Wawa:
I guess the author published it on the 1st of April 1986.

Which pinout should I use 2+ and -3 (diagram), or +3 and -2 (datasheet).
Leo..

I never noticed, according to a LM741 specs 2- and 3 +. But that wouldn't matter because the capacitor is ceramic and no electrolytic no polarization.

5

weedpharma:
Earlier this year, it was announced that gravity waves have been detected.

This has cost copious amounts of money and taken many years.

I do not give you much hope in detecting gravity waves at home.

Weedpharma

I'm aware, but I would not be a very good scientist if I didn't try. That is what science is about being able to replicate the results.

6

chevron694:
I'm aware, but I would not be a very good scientist if I didn't try. That is what science is about being able to replicate the results.

Do you think that using the oldest and crappiest opamp is going to reveal anything more than noise.
Leo..

7

What Op-amp would you suggest? Any code Option please, anyone? What code would I need to alter? or can anyone suggest the relation between an Op-amp and an Arduino analog data pin or am I going to have to change a resistor?

8

Pretty sure a simple op-amp into a 10-bit ADC will replicate this:

"The gravitational waves were detected on September 14, 2015 at 5:51 a.m. Eastern Daylight Time (09:51 UTC) by both of the twin Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory (LIGO) detectors, located in Livingston, Louisiana, and Hanford, Washington, USA. The LIGO Observatories are funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF), and were conceived, built, and are operated by Caltech and MIT. The discovery, accepted for publication in the journal Physical Review Letters, was made by the LIGO Scientific Collaboration (which includes the GEO Collaboration and the Australian Consortium for Interferometric Gravitational Astronomy) and the Virgo Collaboration using data from the two LIGO detectors."

"At each observatory, the two-and-a-half-mile (4-km) long L-shaped LIGO interferometer uses laser light split into two beams that travel back and forth down the arms (four-foot diameter tubes kept under a near-perfect vacuum). The beams are used to monitor the distance between mirrors precisely positioned at the ends of the arms. According to Einstein’s theory, the distance between the mirrors will change by an infinitesimal amount when a gravitational wave passes by the detector. A change in the lengths of the arms smaller than one-ten-thousandth the diameter of a proton (10-19 meter) can be detected.
“To make this fantastic milestone possible took a global collaboration of scientists—laser and suspension technology developed for our GEO600 detector was used to help make Advanced LIGO the most sophisticated gravitational wave detector ever created,” says Sheila Rowan, professor of physics and astronomy at the University of Glasgow."

9

What is the fun in using a cheap op amp to detect gravity waves, when you can spend 20 years or so, working with several hundred people, designing and building machines like the one pictured in CrossRoads' post?

10

I'm so confused about this stuff. For example, the Redshift is an example of space-time expanding and stretching light which shifts it red. But where does the energy go. If I emit a red photon during a gravity wave peak (space-time expanded) and absorbed it during a gravity wave trough (space-time compressed) it should have more energy... right? is that wrong? This is all obvious crazy talk, but its FREE ENERGY.

11

An interferometer needs a light source with a wavelength similar to the dimensional change detected. With a detection sensitivity of 1e-23 meters, the frequency is 3e+19 THz and an energy of 1.24e+23 eV(electron volts). This is at the extreme upper end of the gamma ray region. If such a laser existed then the beam splitter and mirrors are "out of this world". It should be intuitively obvious to the most casual observer that an LM358 in a bucket of LN2 should work.

12

Can someone please instead of telling me how this will never work. Can someone please just give me some information about the coding about the relations between the op-amp and the Arduino how they communicate or Code I could use that would interpret the output signal on the Op-amp. Something more useful then this can be done or sarcasm.

13

Can someone please instead of tell how this will never work.

Gravity waves have an extremely tiny effect on matter -- as they pass, they change the physical length of objects in a way that is very, very difficult to detect.

They have no detectable effect on a simple electronic circuit.

The circuit to which you refer just amplifies the noise present in all electronic circuits. You are free to interpret that noise any way you wish.

14

Again. As I have said, I would not be a good scientist I didn't try an replicate the results. Yes It amplifies the noise the point of this experiment is to find symmetry in this noise. All I want is someone to give me code options for the arduino to communicate with an op-amplifier.

15

Several years ago, Didier Longueville in Europe made two libraries available for experimenters. They are PlainADC and PlainFFT. They work on any board using the 328P chip. This is at least Uno, Nano, Pro Mini, and maybe others. Those two libraries are not available from him anymore. However, he has another device for sale called PlainDSP. It is a shield for the Uno and has all the software and electronics for the kind of analysis you want to do. You can find details here.

In general though, connecting an opamp to an Arduino requires you to be sure the amp output lies within the range of voltages acceptable to the ADC input, usually 0-5v or 0-3v3. From there, your code reads the ADC with analogRead() on the pin of your choice and stores it in a uint16_t array. After collecting a sufficient amount of data, you then analyze it for the kind of signal you're trying to extract. Bandpass filtering and FFT are two common methods.

I encourage you to check out the PlainDSP package as it sounds like the most useful tool for your needs.

PS
This site has a digital filter calculator but the final step seems to be broken or gone. When it works, you put in the desired filter and it's characteristics and it provides sample code with the correct coefficients. I can't get it to work right now but maybe you can try it later. This would be a great tool for bandpass filtering of ADC data. I've used it in the past when building a stable platform for aerial photography.

16

All I want is someone to give me code options for the arduino to communicate with an op-amplifier.

The op amp should be powered by 5V. Connect the output to A0, GND to GND.

Here is the code:

void setup() {
Serial.begin(115200);
}
void loop() {
Serial.println(analogRead(A0));
}
17

Arctic_Eddie:
Several years ago, Didier Longueville in Europe made two libraries available for experimenters. They are PlainADC and PlainFFT. They work on any board using the 328P chip. This is at least Uno, Nano, Pro Mini, and maybe others. Those two libraries are not available from him anymore. However, he has another device for sale called PlainDSP. It is a shield for the Uno and has all the software and electronics for the kind of analysis you want to do. You can find details here.

In general though, connecting an opamp to an Arduino requires you to be sure the amp output lies within the range of voltages acceptable to the ADC input, usually 0-5v or 0-3v3. From there, your code reads the ADC with analogRead() on the pin of your choice and stores it in a uint16_t array. After collecting a sufficient amount of data, you then analyze it for the kind of signal you're trying to extract. Bandpass filtering and FFT are two common methods.

I encourage you to check out the PlainDSP package as it sounds like the most useful tool for your needs.

PS
This site has a digital filter calculator but the final step seems to be broken or gone. When it works, you put in the desired filter and it's characteristics and it provides sample code with the correct coefficients. I can't get it to work right now but maybe you can try it later. This would be a great tool for bandpass filtering of ADC data. I've used it in the past when building a stable platform for aerial photography.

Thanks I can begin from there.

As for:

jremington:
The op amp should be powered by 5V. Connect the output to A0, GND to GND.

Here is the code:

void setup() {

Serial.begin(115200);
}
void loop() {
Serial.println(analogRead(A0));
}

I found your other Thread a bit more helpful but thank you all the same. Differential Pressure Sensor and Op Amp - Sensors - Arduino Forum

18

I have had a version of this running since August 8, 2015.
I use a ADS1115 and a rtc then send the serial data to a old laptop.
I don't think it is gravity waves per say but emissions of some sort,
they relate to the sum position of the sun and moon and any other
shielding or sourcing.

For the system to stabilize it takes a few days, and the frequency is very low.
I sample once a second

I use unix date time so the days is past midnight 1/1/1970.
I haven't adjusted the rtc so there is some drift.

As for the other comments, some people just regurgitate ignorance
without taking the time to investigate for themselves.

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19

I don't think it is gravity waves per say but emissions of some sort,
they relate to the sum position of the sun and moon and any other
shielding or sourcing.

Thanks, we all appreciate having such a clear analysis and explanation of the observed data!

20

ron_sutherland:
I'm so confused about this stuff. For example, the Redshift is an example of space-time expanding and stretching light which shifts it red. But where does the energy go. If I emit a red photon during a gravity wave peak (space-time expanded) and absorbed it during a gravity wave trough (space-time compressed) it should have more energy... right? is that wrong? This is all obvious crazy talk, but its FREE ENERGY.

First learn enough maths, ie tensors, then enough physics (general relativity) then come back! This is
non-trivial physics.

And perhaps reflect on the fact that interacting with a wave can exchange energy with the wave -
you know this if you've tried to swim in the sea for instance!

Redshift itself is due to the relative motion of two bodies, redshift proportional to distance is evidence
of expansion. The energy of a photon does work on the expanding spacetime is probably the simplest
way to think of it, like the pressure of a gas does work on expanding its container.