h bridge question

if you use a seperate power source for the motors than the one coming from the board, should you connect the gnd pins of the l293 differently ?

No see:-
http://www.thebox.myzen.co.uk/Tutorial/Power.html

and it is in that case still necessary to protect the board from voltage spikes with a capacitator ?

Always a good idea, see:- http://www.thebox.myzen.co.uk/Tutorial/De-coupling.html

and while you are at it:-
http://www.thebox.myzen.co.uk/Workshop/Motors_1.html