Which of these devices is better for indoor use with many walls ?
the antennas must ‘see’ each other, even if it is only via signal reflections.
Neither may work through "many walls".
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For legal transmit power level its very unlikely that either will work with 'many walls' so consider it a no.
Perhaps describe the actual project; you might know the 'walls' and how many is 'many' but for the rest of us its pure guesswork.
I would expect HC-12 to go further. For one thing, it uses a lower frequency, 433MHz Vs 2,400MHz for the nRF. Lower frequencies == longer wavelengths generally penetrate walls a little better.
Whether either will penetrate far enough in your situation...
In a home security system I intend to exchange messages between several devices within the rooms inside a house.
If your after a definative answer, then there is none.
Walls in 'houses' vary significantly in how transparent they are to RF comms.
When keeping within legal power limits, then HC-12 modules will normally have a longer range\distance than RF24 modules.
Whether even the HC-12 modules have enough range\distance for your appplication and location is guesswork, its up to you to do on-site tests.
nRF24L01 has bigger range. HC-12 D and E only work from one room to another.
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