Oh, my mistake. Replace SPI by I2C.
U8glib supports SPI but also Hardware I2C for this controller. In fact, this display should be supported by U8glib. See also the gallery page: Google Code Archive - Long-term storage for Google Code Project Hosting. and the related discussion here: Problem with SSD1306 LCD and U8glib - Displays - Arduino Forum.
However Software I2C is not supported by U8glib, so my question should be: What is the reason that you can not use Hardware I2C?
Oliver