Help finding a Close Range Sensor and related questions

I just started to get familiarized with Arduino, so I decided to get the Uno board. I've done some reading on sensors and for my first project I want to be able to get close range direct measurements by using a transmitter and a receiver as two separate units placed one in front of the other. I want the receiver to be able to read the signal accurately from short distances (as close as 0cm or 1cm and as far as 10cm or 15cm) to the transmitter.

I've found a single transducer ultrasonic ranger that can measure distances to targets as close as 0cm (Devantech SRF01 SRF01 Ultrasonic range finder ). I would like to know where can I get something like this as two separate units or if it would be possible to split it up into a transmitter and a receiver.
I also found the following separate ultrasonic transmitters/receivers (400ST/R100 http://www.robot-electronics.co.uk/datasheets/t400s10.pdf). However, I don't think they are capable of measuring ranges as short as the single transducer head mentioned above, correct?

The ways that I know of getting this type of direct measurements are: Ultrasound, infrared, and laser line. Are there any others? What type should I use? Which transmitters/receivers do you recommend?

The smaller the length and width of the transmitter and receiver, the better.

Any comments or suggestions are appreciated, thank you.

SHARP has interesting sensors in various ranges: - Products | Acroname -

The SHARP 2Y0A02 F 9Y - is meant for 20 cm to 150 but according to the graph it should be possible to use it between 0 and 20 cm (never done)

The GP2YOA1YK is meant for 10 cm to 80 but according to the graph it should be possible to use it between 0 and 5 cm - http://dm.risd.edu/courseblogs/7026-s11/category/tech/code/

Be aware that at these short distances the timing is very critical, sound does 340 m/sec so 2 cm is 1/170000 sec = 1/170 millisec = 6 micros. If you know that the Arduino's precision of micros is 4 micros, you will nee dthe hardware timers to measure time I guess.

Hey,
Been learning max msp for a while and will soon be ordering arduino 'the starter kit'. Thats fine, but the thing is basically what i want to do is connect my arduino to a sensor and then my guitar to give effects to the sound. Since, i am a total beginner, someone recommended me this " SparkFun - Infrared Proximity Sensor Short Range " for this.
Is this the best, and i should go for it? Secondly, am i suppose to order something else with this aswell? Like any other wires or anything, or this "Phidget kits" (read this somewhere).
Would really really appreciate if i could get a reply.. please.
Thanks,