help getting loop to loop

What do you read if there's no button pressed ?

If that's > 900, then you might simply map your analogRead(0) to 5 areas
0 ... 100
100 ... 240
240 ... 380
380 ... 560
560 ... 800

using some

enum direction {RIGHT, UP, DOWN, LEFT, SELECT, NONE} dir; 
     if  ( val < 100 ) dir = RIGHT;
else if  ( val < 240 ) dir = UP;
else if  ( val < 380 ) dir = DOWN;
else if  ( val < 560 ) dir = LEFT;
else if  ( val < 800 ) dir = SELECT;
else  dir  = NONE;

After that you can use your dir variable in switch statements or check it immediately:

if ( dir == UP) 
{
    counter +=0.010; // 10 msec units
    lcd.setCursor(4, 1);
    lcd.print( counter );  // defaults to 2 digits
    delay (10);  // to have a speed of roughly  +1.00 per second
}

Edit: minimize float arithmetics, avoid unnecessary division.