The different output circuits are not the problem, it's just a bit more difficult because you have the RH-P144AJ/8-30 and not the RH-P144AJ/5. The later would just work with 5V, the former needs 8 to 30V and puts out the same voltage. The simplest circuit would be a NPN open collector configuration. Then connect Common to GND, Voltage to your 12V Vin and Output to a digital input (you can choose any) and from there a 3k3 resistor to 5V. Don't connect the encoder before you configured NPN open collector, otherwise you may damage your Arduino.