This simple AVR Programmer will allow you to painlessly transfer hex programs to most ATMEL AVR microcontrollers without sacrificing your budget and time.
The Bootloader is a .hex file. Once this .hex file has been "burnt" to the chip you can transfer sketches to the Arduino's ATMega via its serial pins. For this task you would then need a serial-to-TTL-converter, as the ATMegas logical TTL-levels are different from the ones of the RS-232-protocol the computers serial port uses.
I think the linked AVR-programmer wouldn't work for this task because it's in no way connected to the ATMega's TX/RX-pins, but uses the MISO/MOSI-pins instead. Of course you would have the option to totally ignore the bootloader and always just transfer the sketches' .hex-files (which are in the sketch folder after compiling) directly to the ATMega. This would save you the bootloader-startup-time at the cost of some (actually quite some) comfort (as you couldn't just simply click "Upload" in the Arduino IDE but had to manually upload each sketch as .hex to the ATMega).
The Bootloader is a .hex file. Once this .hex file has been "burnt" to the chip you can transfer sketches to the Arduino's ATMega via its serial pins. For this task you would then need a serial-to-TTL-converter, as the ATMegas logical TTL-levels are different from the ones of the RS-232-protocol the computers serial port uses.
yo there Otacon,
i have a USB to RS232 cable.
i just load the bootloader (hex file) into the Atmega168, and
after that, i can just use this USB to RS232 cable to program?