With a 10k resistor in place of the 22R
No but you could push it up to 330R.
and a 0.1uF in place of the 100pF?
Yes.
Then use a 1k resistor as a pullup rather than a pulldown?
Yes.
should this resistor be located to the left of "outside world" in the image from your site?
No have the pull up directly onto the arduino pin.
I know these are basics questions
No problem with that. 
thanks to help on forums like this one!
It's a good place to be.