Hi quality(on par with cellphone) and high sampling rate microphone recording

[system]

Hi everyone,

I am new in this space. I am trying to make a microphone recorder with 2 essential components:

1. a microphone
2. a micro controller

I would like some guidance on my approach and some help choosing parts.

My ideal goal is:

1. recorded quality to be as high as possible(on par with cellphone is good enough)
2. sampling rate to be as high as possible for MATLAB post-processing purposes(of course, within a <$50 budget)

Here is the components I am considering:

• Microphones:
  a. just direct electret microphone and operational amplifiers then to the Analog port of MCU. since I want high quality audio, is there some specific op-amp I should get ?
  b. use a electret breakout board like this one SparkFun Electret Microphone Breakout - BOB-12758 - SparkFun Electronics.
  c. use a Mems microphone breakout board like this one SparkFun Analog MEMS Microphone Breakout - ICS-40180 - BOB-18011 - SparkFun Electronics

• MCU:
  a. arduino with Atmel chips - I am a bit concerned about the clock frequency and sampling rate
  b. teensy 3.1 (72MHz clock rate)

I am most concerned with microphone choices. Any guidance on it is greatly appreciated!