Several things:
- Your Mosfet was under-rated.
- Your Mosfet is not Heat Sinked (Radioshack sells an excellent TO-220 finned heatsink.
- Your circuit doesn't have a FLYWHEEL diode to protect the MOSFET from backEMF.
- Your breadboard technique is appalling. Try taking a little more time to make it neat.
- Try using a better Mosfet like the RFP30N06LE (see attached datasheet).
- Try adding a decent heatsink. I don't think the mosfet was damaged by a failure in the breadboard I think it was all the OTHER
factors . - Try adding a 1N4007 Silicon diode as a flywheel diode across the solenoid coil with the cathode toward the + end and the andode toward the Mosfet.
- What are you using for a power supply ?
RFP30N06LE.pdf (189 KB)