So the goal changes: upon a button press, you want to display the first 5 powers of 2, form 0 to 4 included.
Write a function such as this one:
void display_powers_of_2 (void)
{
const unsigned int MAX_EXP = 4;
unsigned int result;
for (unsigned int exp = 0; exp <= MAX_EXP; ++exp)
{
result = 1 << exp;
Serial.print("2 to the power of ");
Serial.print(exp);
Serial.print(" is 0b");
Serial.print(result, BIN);
Serial.print(" in binary or ");
Serial.print(result, DEC);
Serial.print(" in decimal.\n");
}
return;
}
And invoke it when you detect a button press.