Once you have that array created, your for-loop can become
for (int x=5;x < 9; x++)
{
byte pin = ledPin[x];
Now you have the shift register pin number, you need to figure out which shift register that is and which bit within that shift register.
byte sr = pin / 8;
byte srBit = pin % 8;
Alternatively, and perhaps more efficiently
byte sr = pin >> 3;
byte srBit = pin & 7;
Then you can set up your byte array to shift out to the shift registers
byte shiftBytes[5] = {0, 0, 0, 0, 0};
bitWrite(shiftBytes[sr], srBit, 1);
Then you can shift out those bytes to the shift registers as before.